The surprise here is that grassland soils retain elemental carbon or
close enough equivalent to forty percent of total organic carbon in
the grassland soils of the USA. That is very good news. Recall
however that these original grasslands held many times as much carbon
as grasslands than they do at present. Thus the terra preta effect
is also a result of natural concentration caused by the conversion to
annual cropping.
The take home though is that many other soils will retain residual
carbon in this form and we need to measure for it.
In fact, it may well be a key fertility determinant that has to date
been overlooked.
In time, I anticipate all working soils will be augmented on a
regular basis with the direct intent of optimizing fertility in
general and outright eliminating any need for chemical augmentation
whatsoever.
I have also pointed out that char allows us to manufacture soils
anywhere we can find water or produce atmospheric water.
Abundant and Stable
Char Residues in Soils: Implications for Soil Fertility and Carbon
Sequestration
ABSTRACT
Large-scale soil
application of biochar may enhance soil fertility, increasing crop
production for the growing human population, while also sequestering
atmospheric carbon. But reaching these beneficial outcomes requires
an understanding of the relationships among biochar’s structure,
stability, and contribution to soil fertility. Using quantitative 13C
nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we show that Terra
Preta soils (fertile anthropogenic dark earths in Amazonia that were
enriched with char >800 years ago) consist predominantly of char
residues composed of 6 fused aromatic rings substituted by
COO– groups that significantly increase the soils’
cation-exchange capacity and thus the retention of plant nutrients.
We also show that highly productive, grassland-derived soils in the
U.S. (Mollisols) contain char (generated by presettlement fires) that
is structurally comparable to char in the Terra Preta soils and much
more abundant than previously thought (
40–50% of organic C). Our findings indicate that these oxidized
char residues represent a particularly stable, abundant, and
fertility-enhancing form of soil organic matter.
1 comment:
I landed the opening speakers slot at the third US Biochar conference, 2012 Sonoma Biochar Conference 2012 US Biochar Conference | Building Soil - Redirecting Carbon
My talk and slides are actually listed as the closing session, with no projector at the outdoor opening ceremony.
"Carbon Conservation for Home, Health, Energy & Climate"
http://2012.biochar.us.com/299/2012-us-biochar-conference-presentations
If you are tantalized by the Biochar platform for biofuels, the cutting edge Big dog, Elephant in the room, at the Sonoma Biochar conference was CoolPlanet Energy Systems. In a nutshell, they have such control over carbon bonding in their thermal conversion process, they can squeeze out 75 gallons of bio- gasoline and 1/3 ton of Biochar from one ton of biomass. Their tag line; "The more you Drive… The Cleaner the Atmosphere". They state their production cost at $1.25/gallon, they turn a dial and can produce $2/gallon jet fuel. I can hear you saying this is too good to be true, however Google, GE, BP and Conoco believe it is true.
CoolPlanet Biofuel's CEO Explains his energy cycle:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zkYVlZ9v_0o
This all leaves me very optimistic, for the CEO and Google share the same ethos, farm scale skid mounted reactors will be the first to production next year. This farmer friendly, scalable reactor, they plan to deploy at the village scale in the Third World and at the farmer scale here.
I believe this technology will allow the American public to have their carbon free energy lunch without paying a premium for it.
Cheers,
Erich
Erich J. Knight
Shenandoah Gardens
1047 Dave Berry Rd. McGaheysville, VA. 22840
540-289-9750
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