This is a key topic to
understanding our alternate history that we have been winkling out on this
blog. He is getting most of it right and
he clearly identifies the importance of the Pleistocene nonconformity of 12900
BP.
I have little doubt that the
Atlantean world erupted around 3000 BC and relying on the Lake Superior copper
mines created a global trade factory based civilization that drove the
emergence of Egypt, Sumer, the Indus and the first Chinese dynasty and that is
actually the least of their presence.
They built pyramids at least everywhere but not obviously of great
quality.
Is it possible that a finely
engineered super pyramid was built thousands of years earlier at certain
geographically significant sites?
Reports out of Bosnia are suggesting just this and we have no sign of a
successor society there in 3000 BC so far.
Yet the Great Pyramid
preserves 2400 BC and an Atlantean provenance puts the right boots on the
ground everywhere. The necessary
knowledge is also strongly indicated as been pure Bronze Age. We even have the manpower and the economy.
The Great Pyramid at least
served to focus seismic energy inside a solid pyramid with and exterior hard
casing. This energy naturally focused
inward into the granite slabs which charged up.
Energy discharge would be violent and easily released into the
atmosphere through the metal peak. There
is more fine detail but this is a rough picture.
It is quite possible that
this continuing discharge was synchronized with other similar sites correctly
positioned around the globe. There has
been hints of that.
November 18, 2013
There is no other place on Earth like Egypt’s
Giza Plateau. Anyone with even a slight interest in history and civilisation is
aware of this fact. For on this plateau there stands the Great Pyramids and
their sculpted guardian, the Great Sphinx.
Although there are plenty of theories, no one
really knows who built the Giza Pyramids or carved the Sphinx, or when they
were constructed. Any statement as to who built them, or when they were built,
is pure theory. In light of all the various theories concerning these
mysterious structures, I don’t think the theoretical nature of the pyramid
builders can be emphasised enough.
What stands out at Giza more than anything
else is not only the magnitude of the construction of the pyramids, but the
internal design of the Great Pyramid; three chambers, of which one is
subterranean, and their connecting passageways. The passageway that leads to
the so-called King’s Chamber rises to a height of thirty-six feet! On the other
hand, all other passageways were not built tall enough to accommodate the
average man or woman.
There is also the unique configuration of the
King’s Chamber as well as the Queen’s Chamber. Both of these contain two
shafts, one on each side of the chamber. The Queen’s Chamber contains a
corbelled niche built into its east wall, and the King’s Chamber’s ceiling
is composed of five granite slabs stacked one atop the other. Why these
chambers were constructed in this manner is unknown.
The official theory is that the pyramids were
tombs, and that King Khufu kept changing his mind where his burial chamber was
to be placed; thus, the reason for three chambers in the Great Pyramid.
However, in comparison to typical Egyptian burial methods (the mastaba and the
tombs in the Valley of the Kings), the Giza pyramids,
and particularly the Great Pyramid, do not fair well within the Egyptian concept
of a tomb.
The Ancient Egyptian View of the Afterlife
The Egyptians believed
in an afterlife, and the tomb was an important part of that
belief. As the tomb of King Tutankhamun testifies, the deceased’s chamber of
internment was to be decorated with art and filled with that person’s
possessions. Why they practiced this ritual was not for superstitious reasons,
as one might suspect. It was practical, according to their beliefs, and aimed
at preventing that person’s energy (spirit) from being re-absorbed into
Nature’s spiritual force.
[ This is not a bad
conceptualization – arclein ]
For the ancient Egyptians, Ba animated a living person,
whereas Ka was the
energy emanating from that person. Although not an exact analogy, the Ka and
the Ba are what traditional Western thought might refer as spirit and soul.
Another important aspect of Egyptian belief represented immortality, the ankh, depicted as the crested ibis.
The Ka, represented in art by up-stretched
arms, was believed to be the part of man’s consciousness and energy (man’s
spirit or inner quality) that related to the immediate world.
It is the part of us connected to the physical body; where it lived, its
possessions, as well as the people he or she was acquainted with. The Ka can be
likened to one’s personality, which upon death is separated from the body, and
naturally seeks a way to once again take form. The Ba, represented by a
winged human head, or sometimes a human-faced bird, represented the part of
consciousness that is immortal.
When someone passed away, it was their goal as
well as the hope of the family, that the deceased’s Ka would seek a way to
remain united with their Ba. To help accomplish this eternal union, the
possessions of the deceased were gathered together by the family and placed in
the tomb with the mummified body. Mummification prevented the body from
decomposing and returning to the soil of the Earth, whereas the tomb, with the
deceased’s possessions, served as a ‘home’ for the Ka. As a result, the Ka
maintained its identity in the spiritual world and could seek out its Ba in
order to achieve ankh, which resulted in the resurrected and glorified form
of the deceased beyond the limits of an earthly realm.
Pyramids and the Concept of the Egyptian Tomb
Like the pharaonic tombs carved into the Valley of the Kings,
royal mastabas built during the early dynasties – some as early as 3000 BCE – were also designed with ‘home’ in mind,
as that home relates to a person’s Ka. Case in point: from the sixth dynasty,
Mereruka’s mastaba was crafted in mansion-like proportion with thirty-two rooms
and adorned with statues and art depicting, for example, scenes of wildlife along
the Nile River.
The traits of Egyptian domestic life, so
beautifully incorporated into the design of their tombs, are not found in the
Giza pyramids. The Giza pyramids contain no art or hieroglyphics of any
kind, very uncharacteristic of Egyptian tombs. So why is it the case that
the Giza pyramids are generally considered to be tombs of fourth dynasty
Pharaohs? The reason is because of an association of the Giza complex with
another development ten miles south at Sakkara where the Egyptians really did
build tombs as pyramids.
At Sakkara in 1881, the French
Egyptologist, Gaston
Maspero (1846–1916) discovered that the
subterranean chamber of the Pepi I Pyramid (second ruler of the sixth dynasty)
was engraved with hieroglyphics. Over the course of subsequent explorations, it
was discovered that a total of five pyramids at Sakkara also contained
inscriptions, from the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth dynasties of the Old
Kingdom. In 1952, Dr. Samuel A.B. Mercer (1879–1969), Professor of Semitic
Languages and Egyptology at the University of Toronto, published a complete
English translation of “The
Pyramid Texts” in a volume of the same name. According to
Mercer, The Pyramid Texts contained ‘words to be spoken’ concerning funerary
ritual, magical formulae, and religious hymns, as well as prayers and petitions
on behalf of the deceased king.1
With the pyramids at Sakkara being confirmed
as tombs the associative logic came to be that all pyramids must be tombs.
Furthermore, since there are two cemeteries (mastaba fields) to the east and
west of the northernmost Giza pyramid, assuming that all pyramids are tombs was
a likely conclusion. However, the condition of the Sakkara
pyramids – most of which are believed constructed after the Giza pyramids –
poses serious problems in this logical association. Of the pyramids at Sakkara
only Djoser’s ‘Step Pyramid’ is in good condition, although not really a true
pyramid. (The Step Pyramid was originally a mastaba that was modified into a
pyramid.) All other pyramids at Sakkara, most of which belong to the fifth
and sixth dynasties are in ruins today and resemble mounds of rubble.
According to a consensus of Egyptologists,
Djoser’s Step Pyramid at Sakkara was constructed during the third dynasty and
was the forerunner to the fourth dynasty pyramids on the Giza Plateau. After
pyramid development at Giza, for whatever reason, the focus of pyramid building
shifted back to Sakkara.
The Great Pyramid – A
Device
The easily observable and obvious differences
in the Giza pyramids and the Sakkara pyramids, which were all supposed to have
been built during the same era, are a problem. Clearly, the construction
techniques, as well as materials, for the Giza pyramids were different than
those at Sakkara, or else we would expect pyramids at both sites to have stood
the test of time in a similar manner. They did not. The important point
is why. Did the engineers
and construction workers of the Old Kingdom not pass along their methods from the fourth to the fifth
dynasty? It seems they did not, which is a very curious occurrence given the
stability of Egyptian civilisation. It may also be the case that the fourth
dynasty Egyptians did not build the
Giza pyramids.
No other pyramid in Egypt (the world for that
matter) is like the Giza pyramids, and in particular the Great Pyramid.
Additionally, there is no direct evidence to support the claim that the Great
Pyramid, or the other Giza pyramids were tombs. Nor is there any record left by
its builders as to what it was for or when it was built. This creates a problem
of explanation. If the Great Pyramid was not a tomb, then what was it? A
mystical temple for initiation ritual, or a public works project designed to
unify the country? Or, was it something else entirely? Theories are abundant, but
the only theory I am aware of that covers all aspects of the Great Pyramid’s
interior design, is Christopher Dunn’s theory that it was a device. According
to Dunn, the Great Pyramid was a machine for producing power by converting
tectonic vibration into electricity.
There are a number of reasons to accept Dunn
analysis. First, he explains the interior design and all other evidence
within the Great Pyramid in a cohesive manner. Second, he demonstrates
the technical skills required to accomplish precision construction. Third,
Dunn’s expertise and career is in the precision fabrication and manufacturing
industry, which makes him uniquely qualified to express a professional opinion
on the techniques and tools of the Giza pyramid builders.
The fact is, modern construction companies
could not build the Great Pyramid today without first inventing specialised
tools and techniques in order to deal with blocks of stone that vary in weight
from ten to fifty tons. Such an endeavour would be on a magnitude equivalent to
building a hydroelectric dam or a nuclear power station requiring tens of
billions of dollars in resources. Although our modern economy is different than
that of the ancient world, the resource required now as compared to then is the
same! The stone must be quarried and moved and the workers must be paid. The
fact that an extremely large amount of resources were dedicated to Giza pyramid
development over a long period of time demands, in my opinion, that pyramid
building was utilitarian, and not for any fourth dynasty pharaonic vanity of
having the largest headstone in the world.
Prehistory – Evidence
and Perspective
For me, the evidence clearly tells a very
different story of early dynastic Egypt. Sometime
around 3000 BCE, the establishment and growth of permanent settlements in the
Lower Nile Valley led to the development of civilisation. Why Giza and the
surrounding area were chosen as the focal point for early Dynastic Egypt was
because ‘civilisation’ had been there before, as the three pyramids and the
Great Sphinx testify. Without knowing what the
pyramids were designed for, the early Egyptians also assumed they must have
been tombs. As a result, they rejuvenated the Giza Plateau and turned it into a
Necropolis, then expanded to Sakkara where they built tombs in pyramid form,
albeit of lesser quality and not brandishing the skills the original builders
of the Giza pyramids demonstrated. Pyramid building, even the smaller ones at
Sakkara, was resource intense, so the Egyptians reverted to burying their
nobility in the traditional mastaba.
This scenario, which calls for an earlier
civilisation with advanced technical skills, poses another problem. It does not
fit the standard model of history. However, the notion that an earlier
civilisation existed does not rest on the Giza pyramids alone. There is also
the Sphinx, which in 1991 was geologically dated to between 7,000 and 9,000
years old by the team of John Anthony West and geologist Dr. Robert Schoch. Add
to that the megaliths of Nabta Playa in southwestern Egypt, which is believed
to have been a star viewing diagram, according to astrophysicist Dr. Thomas
Brophy, that relates not only the distance from Earth to the belt stars of
Orion, but their radial velocities as well. Another ‘head scratching’ discovery
is the 1260-ton foundation stones of the Baalbek temple, west of Beirut in
Lebanon, one of which was left in its quarry.
Clearly history has its secrets, but there is
enough evidence to validate, as theory, that civilisation is much older than we
have previously believed. History, according to the ancient Egyptians
themselves, confirms this. According to the Papyrus of Turin,
which is a complete list of kings up to the New Kingdom, before Menes (before
3000 BCE) the:
…venerables Shemsu-Hor, [reigned] 13,420 years
Reigns up to Shemsu-Hor, 23,200 years2
These two lines in the king’s list are
explicit. According to their documents, the total years of Egyptian history
goes back 36,620 years. The argument that the years in the king’s list do not
represent actual years, but some other, shorter, measurement of time seems more
of an attempt to explain away than to explain. The ancient Egyptians
employed a sophisticated calendar system that involved a 365-day year, which
was periodically corrected through the predictable and cyclical nature of the
star Sirius. Every 1,461 years, the heliacal rising of
Sirius marked the beginning of the new year. A
single Sirius cycle corresponds to 1,461 years, where each year is equivalent
to 365.25 days. In essence, the marking of the New Year at the heliacal rising
of Sirius was the ancient Egyptian’s ‘leap year.’ Of course, determining the
length of Sirius’ cyclical nature requires stellar observation over thousands
of years which means the origins of pharaonic Egypt, or its source of
knowledge, must originate in the remote past.
Late twentieth century Egyptologist Walter
Emery seems to have agreed in principle that the origins of ancient Egypt date
well into prehistory. Emery believed that ancient Egypt’s written language was
beyond the use of pictorial symbols, even during the earliest dynasties, and
that signs were also used to represent sounds, along with a numerical system.
When hieroglyphics had been stylised and used in architecture, a cursive script
was already in common use. His conclusion was that:
All this shows that the written language must have had a
considerable period of development behind it, of which no trace has as yet been
found in Egypt.3
Ancient Egyptian religion also testifies to a
considerable period of development. Their religion, which is more of a
philosophy of nature and life than it is a ‘religion,’ is based on a level of
sophistication that, in all respects, appears more scientific than it does
mythical.
Symbolism and Nature:
The Method of Egyptian Thought
From a modern Western perspective their
religion has been billed as primitive and polytheistic, and appears as a
mythological menagerie of gods. Nothing could be further from the truth. The
source of this misunderstanding stems from the Egyptian word neter being translated into
Greek as ‘god,’ which later took on the Westernised meaning of deity. The true
meaning of neter was to describe an aspect of deity, not a deity to be
worshipped. In essence, neters referred to principles of nature in a practical
scientific way.
Yet, the meaning of a specific neter was
communicated in a visually symbolic manner. When a human was depicted with
an animal head, this signified the principle as it occurs in man. If the
whole animal was depicted it was a reference to a principle in general.
Alternatively, a human head depicted on an animal represented that principle as
it relates to the divine essence within mankind, not any person in particular,
but the archetypal; as the immortal Ba is represented by a human-faced bird.
Another example is Anubis (the jackal), who
presided over the process of mummification. He did so as a representation of
the decomposition or fermentation process. In nature, the jackal keeps its prey
and allows it to decompose before consumption. Therefore, he who presided over
the mummification ritual was depicted in art as a man with the head of the
jackal, thereby representing man’s death as the digestive principle found in
nature. From a universal perspective, the decomposition of a body is, to
Nature, digestion. Hence, those organs associated with digestion, after being
removed from the deceased, were placed in a Canopic jar with a lid shaped in
the image of the jackal’s head.
Before the Pharaohs
The sudden emergence of Dynastic Egypt, at the
beginning of the third millennium BCE, is one of civilisation’s greatest
mysteries. How did this supposedly primitive North African culture organise
itself into a civilisation of such magnificence?
One aspect that I believe has been overlooked is that mankind – anatomically
modern humans – has been around for a very long time. According to recent
genetic studies, all people today are the descendents of a single African woman
who walked the Earth 150,000 years ago. According to geneticists, her mitochondrial
DNA exists in all of us.
This is a long time, 147,000 years, for our
ancestors to have remained in a relatively primitive state. In my opinion, the
evidence, some of which is incredibly anomalous (in particular the Great
Pyramid) suggests they did not remain primitive. Given the evidence of ancient
Egypt’s technical abilities (their monument, temples, and other crafted
artifacts still exist), as well as their sophisticated symbolism in describing
Nature, it appears that in establishing a dynastic society, the Egyptians of
the third millennium BCE benefited from a legacy of knowledge.
[ I suspect that this
legacy was the knowledge held by the Atlantean sea based culture who at this
time became a global culture – arclein ]
Skeptics of this approach to history, of
course, would want to know where the evidence of this technical and prehistoric
civilisation is. If such a civilisation existed, surely there would be
overwhelming evidence to support its existence. If an exclusively
uniformitarian approach to geologic formation were generally accepted as fact,
I would agree with the skeptic.
However, mass extinctions, as a result of
environmental catastrophism because of volcanism, asteroid or comet impact, or
stellar (gamma) radiation, now seems to be a reality.
According to geologists there have been five
large mass extinctions in Earth’s history: the Ordovician (440–450 mya),
Devonian (408–360 mya), Permian (286–248), Triassic (251–252 mya), and
Cretaceous (144–65 mya). Although all of these cataclysms occurred well before
the modern human form, there are two
global disasters that occurred relatively recently.
Approximately 71,000 years ago Mount Toba,
in Sumatra, erupted spewing an enormous amount of ash into the atmosphere.
It was the largest volcanic eruption in the last two million years, nearly
10,000 times larger than the Mount St. Helen’s explosion in 1980. The resultant
caldera formed a lake 100 kilometres long by 60 kilometres wide, with
devastating and lasting climatic consequences. A six-year long volcanic winter
followed, and in its wake an ice age that lasted for a thousand years. With its
sulfuric haze, the volcanic winter lowered global temperatures, creating
drought and famine decimating the human population.
According to geneticist’s estimates, the
population was reduced to somewhere between 15,000 and 40,000 individuals.
Professor of Human Genetics at the University of Utah, Lynn Jorde, believes it may have been as low as 5,000.4
Even closer to our time is the mysterious
cataclysm at the end of the Ice Age, only 10,000 years ago. No one really knows
if it was the result of natural phenomenon or an asteroid impact. What is known
is that the climate drastically altered life for those who lived at that time.
It is a known geologic fact that at the end of the Ice Age many North American
species became extinct, including the mammoth, camel, horse, ground sloth,
peccaries (pig-like hoofed mammals), antelope, American elephant, rhinoceros,
giant armadillo, tapirs, saber-toothed tigers and giant bison. It also affected
the climates of lower latitudes in Central and South America, as well as Europe
in a similar way. Those lands have also revealed evidence
of mass extinction. Yet, the mechanism that brought on this Ice
Age ending cataclysm remains a mystery.
If an ancient technical civilisation existed
during the remote past, what would be the likelihood of that civilisation
surviving a global catastrophe intact? Estimates from the
Toba eruption are not encouraging. Neither are the scenarios that astronomers
and climatologists build today for a theoretical asteroid impact.
According to the archeological evidence,
anatomically modern man (Cro-Magnon) appeared in Western Europe 40,000 years
ago. Where they came from has been a long-standing mystery. The logical
deduction is that they migrated from Africa. However, such a migration requires
a host culture, of which there is no evidence.
Nevertheless, a likely location for this host
culture would have been along the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, which were
likely a series of fresh water lakes during the remote past.
If ancient civilisation existed in the region
of the Mediterranean, it would not have survived the conflagration that turned
those lakes into a salt-water sea.
If that were indeed the case, the remnants of
those who lived on the perimeter of that civilisation would appear to us,
today, as anomalies such as the Giza pyramids and the giant stones of Baalbek.
Cro-Magnon cultures of Western Europe,
although once a part of a great Mediterranean civilisation,
would also appear as an anomaly. For us, it would be as if they appeared from
nowhere.
Footnotes:
2. René Schwaller de Lubicz, Sacred Science: The
King of Pharaonic Theocracy, Inner Traditions, 1982, p.86.
4. ‘Supervolcanoes’, BBC2, 3 February 2000,
also see
About
the Author
EDWARD MALKOWSKI is
the author of Ancient Egypt 39,000
BCE, Sons of God–Daughters
of Men, Before the Pharaohs,
and The Spiritual Technology of Ancient Egypt.
He is a historical researcher in Lincoln, Illinois.
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