Phobos Artificial Claims European Space Agency

 A bit of nonsense in terms of interpretation, yet this cleanly polices up the observational data to a high quality. The original work came out over fifty years ago and has now been thoroughly confirmed. The only thing missing is interpretive imagination.

To that end, the moon conforms nicely to an asteroid moved from the asteroid belt to low Mars orbit through the expedience of ejecting internal mass out through the apparent nozzle at the end. We could do this. The asteroid is now hollow and an ideal location for a spinning space habitat holding a huge potential population. That population would reside in a huge suspension cabled Dyson Sphere with living layers like an onion and could plausibly exceed 100,000,000.

The asteroid would provide the massive shielding needed in space.

As conjectured in earlier posts, the population is likely human and part of the evacuation ahead of the the Pleistocene Nonconformity of 13900 BP.

Phobos, the Martian moon is artificial claims European Space Agency

http://realityzone-realityzone.blogspot.ca/2010/06/european-space-agency-mars-moon-phobos.html

The prestigious European Space Agency (ESA) has declared Phobos, the mysterious Martian moon, to be artificial. At least one-third of it is hollow and its origin is not natural, but alien in nature. The ESA is Europe's counterpart to NASA. Could this revelation motivate NASA to release the secrets it's harboring? Don't count on it…If its artificial an alien civilization put it there. Proven right: Dr. Iosif Samuilovich Shklovsky Phobos first believed artificial by famous astrophysicist Astrophysicist Dr. Iosif Samuilovich Shklovsky first calculated the orbital motion of the Martian satellite Phobos. He came to the inescapable conclusion that the moon is artificial and hollow--basically a titanic spaceship.

The Russian astronomer, Dr. Cherman Struve, spent months calculating the two Martian moons' orbits with extreme accuracy during the early 20th Century. Studying the astronomer's notes, Shklovsky realized as the years progressed into decades Phobos's orbital velocity and position no longer matched Struve's mathematically predicted position.

After lengthy study of the tidal, gravitic, and magnetic forces, Shklovsky came to the firm conclusion that, “ No natural causes could account for the origins of the two odd moons or their bizarre behavior, particularly that exhibited by Phobos. The moons were artificial. Someone or something built them.

During an interview about the mysterious Martian moon Shklovsky explained: "There's only one way in which the requirements of coherence, constancy of shape of Phobos, and its extremely small average density can be reconciled. We must assume that Phobos is a hollow, empty body, resembling an empty tin can."

For decades most of mainstream science ignored Shklovsky's breakthrough work, until the ESA began to take a closer look at the odd little moon. 

 

ESA study declares Phobos not natural.

The ESA study abstract that appeared in the peer-reviewed Geophysical Research Letters reveals that Phobos is not what many astrophysicists and astronomers believed for generations: a captured asteroid.

"We report independent results from two subgroups of the Mars Express Radio Science (MaRS) team who independently analyzed Mars Express (MEX) radio tracking data for the purpose of determining consistently the gravitational attraction of the moon Phobos on the MEX spacecraft, and hence the mass of Phobos. New values for the gravitational parameter (GM=0.7127 ± 0.0021 x 10-³ km³/s²) and density of Phobos (1876 ± 20 kg/m³) provide meaningful new constraints on the corresponding range of the body's porosity (30% ± 5%), provide a basis for improved interpretation of the internal structure. We conclude that the interior of Phobos likely contains large voids. When applied to various hypotheses bearing on the origin of Phobos, these results are inconsistent with the proposition that Phobos is a captured asteroid."

Casey Kazan writes in ESA: Mars Moon Phobos 'Artificial,' that "…the official ESA Phobos website contained explicit scientific data, from multiple perspectives, which strongly 'supported the idea that this is what radar echoes would look like, coming back from inside 'a huge…geometric… hollow spaceship'. In fact, they were the primary source of the decidedly 'internal, 3-D geometric-looking' radar signature. The concurrence of all three of these independent Mars Express experiments- 'imaging,' 'internal mass distribution,' (tracking) and 'internal radar imaging' now agreed that 'the interior of Phobos' is partially hollow with internal, geometric 'voids' inside it.' Meaning that Phobos is artificial."

In other words, Phobos is not a natural satellite, is not a "captured asteroid," and is hollow. This is exactly what Dr. Shklovsky found back in the 1960s. Phobos was artificially constructed and placed into Martian orbit by...what?

Phobos: what is it?

 Data reveals Phobos is not natural. As of now there isn't enough information to discover exactly what the Martian moon is, but there are several intriguing possibilities.

1. It's a gigantic spaceship possibly built as an orbiting station or space observatory.

2. It's a generation starship that arrived from another star system and was placed in parking orbit around Mars.

3. It was being built in Mars orbit for insterstellar travel but was never completed.

A fourth possibility is more ominous and deeply disturbing.

4. It is a functional (or non-functional) gargantuan planet-killing space bomb, perhaps left over from some interplanetary space conflict millions of years in the past. (Some researchers are actually proposing this hypothesis.) Alien ship, super-bomb, or uncompleted project?

Whatever Phobos actually is its origin and purpose are completely unknown. Thanks to ESA and (Before It's News) |  Facebook page

Municipal Waste Conversion to Diesel

 I do not have the material on the originator but they obviously have a deliverable. We also get no idea of the process energetics or catalyst efficiencies. However the simple achievement on its own is extremely promising. This result can be also produced by high pressure reforming, or close enough.

If it can be done well enough and cheap enough then this is certainly important. Partial reforming could isolate the non organics, hopefully eliminate organic acids in the tar and convert a serious portion into fuel that as stated can then be polished to commercial standards.

I then interviewed Don Allan and confirmed the following:

1 The process does not use pressure.

2 It is operated below the charring temperature.

3 The catalyst is readily available and cheap making its cost insignifica

4 Yield from an organic feedstock is 75% diesel, 20% tar and 5% water. This is excellent.

This is obviously perfect for all municipal waste streams in which black sewage sludge can be blended with shredded garbage and then processed. Non-organics can be easily separated a at 300 degrees as the tar will be like water.

I can not imagine the economics not working out for this technology simply because the municipal feedstock is already in deliverable form in most cities and municipalities. It is a sunk cost and besides, the cities are natural plant buyers or financial partners at least for a piece of the revenue.

“Revolutionary” plant promises to turn local garbage into diesel fuel.

Red Deer Advocate, January 31, 2013

Blue Horizon Industries Inc. president and CEO Don Allan, left, talks with plant operator Peter Shushmaruk and executive vice-president Darcy Grahn, right, during an open house at the Blindman Industrial Area business on Wednesday.

Photo by Jeff Stokoe/Red Deer Advocate.

A Red Deer company wants to turn local garbage into fuel – and it insists it’s got the technology to do so. Blue Horizon Bio-Diesel Inc. Conducted a demonstration in a Blindman Industrial Park shop on Wednesday, feeding a mix of municipal solid waste, sawdust, used motor oil and a special “catalyst” into a scaled-down plant, which churned out a small quantity of diesel fuel a short time later.

About 60 people watched the display, including Red Deer Mayor Morris Flewwelling and officials from at least three other municipalities. Also in attendance were representatives of the provincial and federal governments, investors and official from recycling companies, said Don Allan, president and CEO of Blue Horizon.

What you’re looking at is revolutionary,” he told his audience.

“We believe garbage is the wave of the future for us. We believe it’s a multi-trillion dollar business.”

Allan said later that Blue Horizon hopes to begin work on a commercial scale plant immediately. It would produce about 700 litres of diesel fuel an hour; as compared with the approximately 50 litres per hour that the demonstration plant generates.

“If everything goes well, we’ll be in operation by late August,” he said, adding that there’s some uncertainty about the timelines required to obtain regulatory approvals.

Allan said Blue Horizon would like to locate the plant at Red Deer’s waste management facility, and ultimately connect it to five other similar-sized facilities.

“Our goal is to have 35-million litres a year being produced right her in Red Deer.”

He acknowledged that his company has had only preliminary discussions with the city, but he’s optimistic talks will pick up now that the technology is on display.

The demonstration plant was developed by a German company about six years ago, said Allan. It was at the Alcoa Inc. research site in Nevada when Blue Horizon purchased the equipment. Blue Horizon has also obtained the exclusive right of first refusal for other countries, he said.

Allan listed Mexico, the United Kingdom, Cuba, Brazil and Argentina as among the countries Blue Horizon is talking to.

“Everybody has trash problems,” he said, “They’re looking for a solution, and we have a solution.”

The demonstration plant produces bunker diesel, said Allan, which is suitable off-highway applications like powering mining equipment and as an additive to bitumen to allow it to flow in a pipeline. Modifications to Blue Horizon’s commercial plants – including the addition of a desulphurization unit and a hydrotreater – will improve the fuel considerably, he said.

“We want to make the highest quality diesel in North America.”

Allan added that Blue Horizon’s diesel could be marketed to fuel blenders to satisfy Alberta’s renewable fuel standard, which requires that diesel fuel sold in the province contains at least two per cent renewable fuel.

“Right now they can’t get it, so they have to bring it in from the States.”

Suitable input for the production process includes plastics, paper, cardboard, sawdust and woodchips, tires and waste oil from vehicles or even well sites.

“In a perfect world, we want to use 75 per cent renewables and 25 per cent used oil,” said Allan, pointing out that the ratio on Wednesday was 50-50. The mixture was mixed with catalyst and heated to 300 and 330C.

“The intent is to take the molecules and break them down into a long strand,” said Allan. “Then we’re able to pull the hydrocarbons out of that molecule strand.”

Byproducts of the process are carbon dioxide, water and a tarry material that could be used in the production of asphalt, said Allan.

A catalytic converter incinerates most of the harmful emissions, he added.

“it’s the greenest refinery ever built in the world.”

Central Alberta has flirted with the waste-to-energy technology in the past.

Nature's Death Formula

 I find it curious that nature actually chooses to adhere to this formula by enhancing elephant cell efficiency. There is no obvious reason to even do this. This is a subtle question but possibly an important question.

What is plain is that the three quarter power rules prevails for life as we know it or at least for two standard deviations.

Since we are now managing to reverse aging or at least to slow or even halt it, it will be interesting to observe the effect on this rule. Real reversal may run into something more subtle.

Nature Has A Formula That Tells Us When It's Time To Die

By ROBERT KRULWICH

January 22, 2013

http://www.npr.org/blogs/krulwich/2013/01/22/169976655/nature-has-a-formula-that-tells-us-when-its-time-to-die

We wax, we wane. It's the dance of life.

Every living thing is a pulse. We quicken, then we fade. There is a deep beauty in this, but deeper down, inside every plant, every leaf, inside every living thing (us included) sits a secret.

Below the pulse, which you see here, elegantly captured by Shanghai photographer/designer Yunfan Tan, is a life/death cycle, a pattern that shows up in the teeniest of plants, (phytoplankton, algae, moss), also in the bigger plants, (shrubs, bushes, little trees) — and even in the biggest, the needle bearing giant sequoias.

Everything alive will eventually die, we know that, but now we can read the pattern and see death coming. We have recently learned its logic, which "You can put into mathematics," says physicist Geoffrey West. It shows up with "extraordinary regularity," not just in plants, but in all animals, from slugs to giraffes. Death, it seems, is intimately related to size.

Life is short for small creatures, longer in big ones. So algae die sooner than oak trees; elephants live longer than mayflies, but you know that. Here's the surprise: There is a mathematical formula which says if you tell me how big something is, I can tell you — with some variation, but not a lot — how long it will live. This doesn't apply to individuals, only to groups, to species. The formula is a simple quarter-power exercise: You take the mass of a plant or an animal, and its metabolic rate is equal to its mass taken to the three-fourths power. I'll explain how this works down below, but the point is, this rule seems to govern all life.

A 2007 paper checked 700 different kinds of plants, and almost every time they applied the formula, it correctly predicted lifespan. "This is universal. It cuts across the design of organisms," West says. "It applies to me, all mammals, and the trees sitting out there, even though we're completely different designs."

It's hard to believe that creatures as different as jellyfish and cheetahs, daisies and bats, are governed by the same mathematical logic, but size seems to predict lifespan. The formula seems to be nature's way to preserve larger creatures who need time to grow and prosper, and it not only operates in all living things, but even in the cells of living things. It tells animals for example, that there's a universal limit to life, that though they come in different sizes, they have roughly a billion and a half heart beats; elephant hearts beat slowly, hummingbird hearts beat fast, but when your count is up, you are over. Plants pulse as well, moving nourishment through their veins. They obey the same commands of scale, and when the formula says "you're done," amazingly, the buttercup and the redwood tree obey. Why a specific mathematical formula should govern all of us, I don't completely understand, but when the math says, "it's time," off we go …

Of course these rules do not tell any particular bee or dog or person when they are going to die. Every individual is subject to accident, caprice, luck. No, this is a general rule. It governs species. Modern humans have managed, because of medicines and hygiene, to become an exception, but 50,000 years ago, we were probably part of the pattern. If you're interested in quarter power scaling, you can check out "Of Mice and Elephants: A Matter of Scale," by George Johnson or go back to an earlier blog post I wrote here. But to summarize, nature goes easy on larger creatures so they don't wear out too quickly. An elephant has trillions more cells than a shrew, and all those cells have to connect and communicate to keep the animal going. In any big creature, animal or plant, there are so many more pathways, moving parts, so much more work to do, the big guys could wear out very quickly. So Geoffrey West and his colleagues found that nature gives larger creatures a gift: more efficient cells. Literally.

The cells in an elephant do more work in a minute than the cells of a mouse. That's why an elephant cell can beat at a slower rate than the rattatat-tat of a mouse cell. Both wear out after a billion and a half beats, but the elephant does it more slowly. As for the peculiar quarter power scaling differences, that rule emerges from the data when you plot the different lifespans of animals or plants on a graph. Notice how plants, big and small fall along the same quarter-power line? Here it is, from a paper by Marba, Duarte and Agusti, cited in my blog post.

Yunfan Tan is a young Shanghai artist/product designer who calls these short animations "Dancing Leaves." He graduated college last June (DongHua University, Shanghai), went to work for some American ad agencies and is now on the web with something new seven times a week. He calls this project "Make Something Cooool Every Day."

A Postscript From Robert Krulwich

I've been a little surprised by some of the comments posted down below. A bunch of you, mostly scientists, almost always biologists, have suggested that Geoffrey West's ideas, or my version of his ideas, are so simply stated, or based on such flimsy or fudged evidence, that the relationship between size and mortality is not to be trusted.

Many of you admit that size may correlate with lifespan in theory, but in the real world, animals get crushed, eaten, get diseases and size doesn't say anything about that. Others of you think the data is rigged, and animals or plants that don't fit the pattern have been spliced out, or that the size/mortality correlation is too vague to be trusted. "Congratulations," says reader Tom Benton, "You plotted some data points and then ran a regression. I see nothing in this article about its explanatory power."

Well, the "you" being charged here isn't me. I didn't do the correlations, but I did decide to write about them, and chose to treat them with certain respect. And here's why: Yes, West's work is controversial. But it's hardly new. He was inspired by an earlier biologist, Max Kleiber, who worked at the University of California, Davis, in the 1930s, and first noticed that the metabolic rate of a creature is equal to its mass taken to the three-fourths power. So this idea has been around for a long time. It was West and his colleagues at the Santa Fe Institute who in the late 1990s (and others in this century) who mapped it onto real creatures.

'That's Not Science, That's Just Taking Notes'

Of course, there are many exceptions to their correlation. Many of you point them out. Little birds live longer big dogs; some parrots live longer than lions. When Professor West published his paper in Science, biologists all over the world peppered him with "But what about ... [this animal]?" objections. He called them "quibblers," and told The New York Times Magazine, "There are always going to be people who say, 'What about the crayfish?' ... "Well, what about it? Every fundamental law has exceptions. But you still need the law or else all you have is observations that don't make sense. And that's not science. That's just taking notes."

West is a physicist. Big pictures interest him. Small stories don't. He's not the gentlest of beings when criticized, but science has never been a gentle occupation. It may be that many of you biologists writing in are irritated by an overreaching physicist. But I notice you also aren't crazy about an over-simplifying reporter. If what I have written seems outright wrong, or too sloppy to be credited, I welcome your corrections. I try to read everything that people write in, and when I make an error, I try to correct it. This is, as many of you point out, a blog, not a news column, and I'm here to give people a taste of ideas that excite me, images that fascinate. I am here to share, to tickle, to amaze; not to lecture.

But that said, Professor West's paper on quarter power scaling has been cited by other scientists more than 1,500 times since it was published. By any measure, that's a lot. The New York Times called it one of the most "influential papers in modern biology." So while it may irritate, this idea has weight.

Texas Photos February 2013

Free Natural Gas with Brian Hicks

This item is an informed observers bird's eye view of just how significant the fracking revolution really is. We have had enough time now to get a decent handle of the situation. I had concerns on decline rates but that was something that while serious enough it also meant that almost all production is flush production. You get it inside of a few months and you then have a slow drainage system that will keep going for decades as tight resources slowly leak out. It is also amenable to additional stimulation.

So unless the industry is losing gobs of cash doing this, and that is readily fixed with a modest upward adjustment in price, then the reserves are stupendous and behind every foot of natural gas we have ten that may slowly leak out over decades if not centuries and always available for additional work. The sweet thing about gas wells is that they are not maintenance pigs like oil wells.

In fact horizontal fracking has allowed the tight gas industry to return to traditional economic model in which first flush can be counted on to pay off the well itself. Thus we now have assured success and first flush payout which is a sure fire formula for galloping investment in drilling.

So while everyone can see the runaway drilling and the fast decline rate, they forget the bank of earned production and infrastructure behind it carried by the long term production.

Free Natural Gas

By Brian Hicks

Thursday, January 31st, 2013

http://www.energyandcapital.com/

You may recall the former name of our premium energy letter, Energy Investor, is The $20 Trillion Report.

Many readers and colleagues asked us about the origin of the name, "The $20 Trillion Report"...

It came from a report by the International Energy Agency (IEA) out of France published many years ago, which stated the world would have to spend $20 trillion to meet future energy needs.

It looks like that figure will be grossly underestimated.

You see, the IEA report was published well before drilling started in the Marcellus in Western Pennsylvania. And in the past five years, reserve estimates for the Marcellus Shale have increased almost every year — and by a massive margin.

First it was figured the United States with production coming online from the Marcellus contained 10 years' worth of natural gas... then 50 years...

Then 100... 200...

Now industry professionals are throwing around terms like "effectively infinite."

One thing is for sure: The Marcellus is a gold mine to America.

And let me state up front my true belief: The Marcellus is a national economic treasure that couldn't have come at a better time.

But it gets better...

When you throw in the Utica Shale that's being explored next door in Ohio, the potential for a natural gas bull market in the U.S. could last several decades, well beyond our lifetimes.

A recent report by the Kroll Bond Rating Agency in New York says the Utica and Marcellus Shale plays in Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and New York State are part of a domestic resource that could turn out to be more than $10 trillion in additional economic activity in the U.S., once shale oil and natural gas resources are fully developed.

$10 trillion!

Think about that for a second.

In 2011, the U.S.'s annual GDP was $14.9 trillion. One industry in one region of America could account for 67% of U.S. GDP.

Of course, that $10 trillion of economic activity will be spread out over many years...

And it's not just Pennsylvania and Ohio that will enjoy the economic benefits from shale drilling.

According to a recent report, "Tech Effect: How Innovation in Oil and Gas Exploration Is Spurring The U.S. Economy":

The surge in U.S. natural gas production has led to the construction of gas-fired power plants and a renaissance in petrochemicals, steel, polymers, glass, and ammonia plants.

The benefits are widespread:

• Wisconsin, which has no drilling activity, has seen a "sand rush." The sand is used as a proppant to hold open fissures created during the drilling process to release the gas. There are already 16 sand mines in Wisconsin and demand for sand drilling now exists in Arkansas and Missouri, too. Georgia has two ceramic proppant factories (an alternative to sand) and more facilities are planned.

• North Carolina and South Carolina are home to manufacturers of natural gas turbines but little natural gas.

• Iowa will host the first new nitrogen fertilizer factory in the U.S. in over a decade, providing Midwest farmers with a local source of fertilizer.

• Pennsylvania, which straddles the Marcellus shale gas region, won a competition for a new Shell ethane cracker plant with 400 employees. The plant will be the first of its kind in the northeastern United States. Three states competed for the plant, which is expected to play a large role in revitalizing the region.

• Ohio's lagging steel industry received a boost when Vallourec & Mannesmann Holdings Inc. announced it would build a $650 million plant in Youngstown to meet demand for drilling materials such as steel pipe. U.S. Steel and Timken also have announced expansions in Ohio. Halliburton, Baker Hughes, and Select Energy Services — all oil and gas service companies — have announced construction of facilities within Ohio to meet the needs of drillers in Ohio's Utica shale play.

States with extensive shale gas reserves, such as Texas and Pennsylvania, can expect to add up to 236,000 and 145,000 jobs, respectively.

Additional tax revenues and royalty payments in producing states are also significant. Royalties alone are expected to rise by $12 billion by 2017.

Even states without shale gas reserves, such as Florida and New Jersey, can expect employment gains due to lower energy prices, with each state adding up to 59,000 and 36,000 jobs, respectively.

The United States has so much natural gas, it's essentially free.

It's time to back up the truck, whatever that means.

Wind in the Willows Makes Better Biofuel

 How very odd and unexpected. The extra stress produces a higher quality bio fuel. Thus we can breed for all this to produce a superior product.

The same likely applies to most other trees as well that are not of interest for this application but it is good to know that it is an effect.

I am not an optimist for this type of fuel although a confluence of willing partners can surely make it work. Not unlike a contractor and a cement company deciding to operate a waste methane operation. They work out fine except afterward everyone is wondering why anyone bothered.

Wind in the willows boosts biofuel production

Jan 23, 2013

http://www.biofueldaily.com/reports/Wind_in_the_willows_boosts_biofuel_production_999.html

Willow trees cultivated for green energy can yield up to five times more biofuel if they grow diagonally, compared with those that are allowed to grow naturally up towards the sky. This effect had been observed in the wild and in plantations around the UK, but scientists were previously unable to explain why some willows produced more biofuel than others.

Now British researchers have identified a genetic trait that causes this effect and is activated in some trees when they sense they are at an angle, such as where they are blown sideways in windy conditions.

The effect creates an excess of strengthening sugar molecules in the willows' stems, which attempt to straighten the plant upwards. These high-energy sugars are fermented into biofuels when the trees are harvested in a process that currently needs to be more efficient before it can rival the production of fossil fuels.

Willow is cultivated widely across the UK, destined to become biofuels for motor vehicles, heating systems and industry. The researchers say that in the future all willow crops could be bred for this genetic trait, making them a more productive and greener energy source.

The study was led by Dr Nicholas Brereton and Dr Michael Ray, both from the Department of Life Sciences at Imperial College London, who worked with researchers at Rothamsted Research, and the University of the Highlands and Islands' Agronomy Institute (at Orkney College UHI). The study is published in the journal Biotechnology for Biofuels.

Dr Brereton said: "We've known for some time that environmental stresses can cause trees to naturally develop a slightly modified 'reaction wood' and that it can be easier to release sugars from this wood. This is an important breakthrough, our study now shows that natural genetic variations are responsible for these differences and this could well be the key to unlocking the future for sustainable bioenergy from willow."

The researchers conducted a trial in controlled laboratory conditions on a rooftop in central London at the Gro-dome facility at Imperial's South Kensington Campus. They cultivated some willows at an angle of 45 degrees, and looked for any genetic differences between these plants and those allowed to grow naturally straight upwards.

The team then looked for the same effect with willows growing in natural conditions on Orkney Island, off the northern-most coast of Scotland, where winds are regularly so strong that the trees are constantly bent over at severe angles. Their measurements confirmed that the willows here could release five times more sugar than identical trees grown in more sheltered conditions at Rothamsted Research in the south of the UK.

Dr Angela Karp at Rothamsted Research who leads the BBSRC-funded BSBEC-BioMASS project said "We are very excited about these results because they show that some willows respond more to environmental stresses, such as strong winds, by changing the composition of their wood in ways that are useful to us. As breeders this is good news because it means we could improve willow by selecting these types from the huge diversity in our collections".

This work forms part of the BBSRC Sustainable Bioenergy Centre (BSBEC) where it is linked with other programmes aimed at improving the conversion of biomass to fuels. Coupled with work at Rothamsted Research, where the National Willow Collection is held, the new results will help scientists to grow biofuel crops in climatically challenging conditions where the options for growing food crops are limited, therefore minimising conflicts of food versus fuel.

Coal Embedded Artifacts

Aging an artifact by the material it is embedded in is a serious mistake. It fails to recognize that mining voids are not stable at all. This is particularly true for coal. Any geological movement at all will cause such voids to be squeezed out. This not much of a concern over a few centuries, but over a few thousands of years it is reasonable that little trace is left.

Recall that mining must leave pillars behind besides so there is never a lack of material. Thus artifacts left behind in mining are readily embedded.

Since we have a working conjecture for modernism arising originally after 40,000 years through 15,000 years ago, we have an actual window of opportunity that provides ample time for embedding to occur.

All the artifacts discovered this way are stuff we could expect to make but not obviously anything we have ever done. Accurate measurements would be nice and could surprise us. I am sure that the alloys are not quite right either. It would also be neat to know if they are mass produced.

The vase mention below is clearly no ancient artifact so ignore.  the materials will naturally decompose rather quickly.  Aluminium is quite another matter and alloy content also matters.  In fact a quick assay will determine if it is modern or not.

300 Million Year Old Machinery Found In Russia, Experts Say Aluminum Gear Not The Result Of Natural Forces, May Be Extraterrestrial

Saturday, January 19, 2013 19:27

http://beforeitsnews.com/beyond-science/2013/01/300-million-year-old-machinery-found-in-russia-experts-say-aluminum-gear-not-the-result-of-natural-forces-may-be-extraterrestrial-2440610.html

The Voice of Russia and other Russian sources are reporting that a 300 million year old piece of aluminum machinery has been found in Vladivostok. Experts say a gear rail appears to be manufactured and not the result of natural forces.

According to Yulia Zamanskaya, when a resident of Vladivostok was lighting the fire during a cold winter evening, he found a rail-shaped metal detail which was pressed in one of the pieces of coal that the man used to heat his home. Mesmerized by his discovery, the responsible citizen decided to seek help from the scientists of Primorye region. After the metal object was studied by the leading experts the man was shocked to learn about the assumed age of his discovery. The metal detail was supposedly 300 million years old and yet the scientists suggest that it was not created by nature but was rather manufactured by someone. The question of who might have made an aluminum gear in the dawn of time remains unanswered.

The find was very much like a toothed metal rail, created artificially. It was like parts are often used in microscopes, various technical and electronic devices says writer Natalia Ostrowski at KP UA Daily.


Nowadays, finding a strange artifact in coal is a relatively frequent occurrence. The first discovery of this sort was made in 1851 when the workers in one of the Massachusetts mines extracted a zinc silver-incrusted vase from a block of unmined coal which dated all the way back to the Cambrian era which was approximately 500 million years ago. Sixty one years later, American scientists from Oklahoma discovered an iron pot which was pressed into a piece of coal aged 312 million years old. Then, in 1974, an aluminum assembly part of unknown origin was found in a sandstone quarry in Romania. Reminiscent of a hammer or a support leg of a spacecraft “Apollo”, the piece dated back to the Jurassic era and could not have been manufactured by a human. All of these discoveries not only puzzled the experts but also undermined the most fundamental doctrines of modern science.

The metal detail which was recently found by Vladivostok resident is yet another discovery which perplexed the scientists. The coal in which the metal object was pressed was delivered to Primorye from Chernogorodskiy mines of Khakasia region. Knowing that the coal deposits of this region date 300 million years back, Russian experts inferred that the metal detail found in these deposits must be an age-mate of the coal.

Another question that interests Russian scientists is whether the aluminum alloy is of Earthly origin. It is known from the study of meteorites that there exists extra-terrestrial aluminum-26 which subsequently breaks down to magnesium-26. The presence of 2 percent of magnesium in the alloy might well point to the alien origin of the aluminum detail. It could also be evidence of some past, unknown civilization on Earth. Nonetheless, further testing is needed to confirm this hypothesis.

It is the first such finding in coal made in Russia, according to anomaly researcher and biologist Valery Brier, who took microscopic samples of the aluminum for testing.  Valery Brier performed X-ray diffraction analysis of the metal. It showed very pure aluminum with microimpurities of magnesium of only 2 - 4 percent.  Analysis was also conducted by Senior Fellow of the St. Petersburg Institute of Nuclear Physics Igor Okunev who confirmed the age of the material according to Natalia Ostrovsky

 The find is very much like a toothed metal rail, created artificially. It was like parts that are often used in microscopes, as well as various technical and electronic devices.

While exploring core samples (rock samples) that were raised from a 9-meter depth during the drilling of the seabed to support the bridge on a Russian island near Cape Nazimova,  strange metal alloys were discovered that were "preserved" in the prehistoric sandstone (age - 240 million years old).  The  pieces of special alloys had an unusual composition and were clearly not used in the drilling machinery. The alloys, said Brier, were artificial and constructed by intelligent beings.

Reconstruction of the item found near Cape Nazimova

Not so long ago in Russia a mechanical device was found in volcanic rock which was dated 400 million years before the current era (B.C.E)

It was found on the remote Kamchatka Peninsula, 150 miles from the village of Tigil, by archaeologists at the University of St. Petersburg among found strange fossils. The reliability of the finds has been certified. According to archaeologist Yuri Golubev the find amazed experts as it was some sort of a machine.

The most ancient vase on Earth was discovered in 1851 in Massachusetts when blasting in the quarry. It is a silver-zinc vase inlaid with fine silver in the form of the vine. The age of this vase, according to the the rock in which it was found, is 534 million years old

Another strange artefact that was found in coal is the iron pot shown below. It was found in 1912 in Oklahoma in a piece of coal with an estimated age of 312 million years. 

In Romania in 1974, in sandstone quarry of not less than 1 million years old was found aluminum parts, reminiscent of a hammer or a support leg landing spacecraft "Viking" and "Apollo".

More information at these links: 

http://tv.kp.ru/daily/26013/2936837/?cp=1

Gene Flow From India to Australia about 4,000 years ago

 I always have thought that the argument for Australia been cut of as unproven and worse unlikely. Thus is turns out that the Sahul had a first populating event around 45,000 years ago nicely coinciding with the first full peopling that took place throughout Eurasia. These first populations were a clearly primitive lineage although I am loath to use the term as it is unfashionable. They were certainly living a primitive lifeway.

Now we find that 4000 years ago, coinciding with the global Bronze Age world of the Atlantean culture, an injection of genetics took place from the Indian Subcontinent. This is in fact the most likely.

The actual size of the impact remains unknown, but it was real and appears to also have introduced new stone working technology although those Indian sailors most surely used metals.

The Atlantaen Age penetrated all parts of the world in search of copper in particular. However, there is scant evidence that they established immigration. Most likely the economics did not favor such an enterprise. The culture was clearly trade factory driven and state sponsorship for such immigration did not exist as ultimately occurred in Europe in our own era.

Gene flow from India to Australia about 4,000 years ago

by Staff Writers

Munich, Germany (SPX) Jan 18, 2013

Four-thousand years ago, Australia was no longer connected to the mainland as it had been during the ice age. The immigrants thus crossed the ocean, arriving by boat. Credit: Gunter Senft/MPI for Psycholinguistics.

http://www.terradaily.com/reports/Gene_flow_from_India_to_Australia_about_4000_years_ago_999.html

Australia is thought to have remained largely isolated between its initial colonization around 40,000 years ago and the arrival of Europeans in the late 1800s. A study led by researchers of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, now finds evidence of substantial gene flow between Indian populations and Australia about 4,000 years ago.

In addition, the researchers found a common origin for Australian, New Guinean and the Philippine Mamanwa populations. These populations followed an early southern migration route out of Africa, while other populations settled in the region only at a later date.

Australia holds some of the earliest archaeological evidence for the presence of modern humans outside Africa, with the earliest sites dated to at least 45,000 years ago, making Australian aboriginals one of the oldest continuous populations outside Africa.

It is commonly assumed that following the initial dispersal of people into Sahul (joint Australia-New Guinea landmass) and until the arrival of the Europeans late in the 18th Century, there was no contact between Australia and the rest of the world.

Researcher Irina Pugach and colleagues now analysed genetic variation from across the genome from aboriginal Australians, New Guineans, island Southeast Asians, and Indians.

Their findings suggest substantial gene flow from India to Australia 4,230 years ago, i.e. during the Holocene and well before European contact.

"Interestingly this date also coincides with many changes in the archaeological record of Australia, which include a sudden change in plant processing and stone tool technologies, with microliths appearing for the first time, and the first appearance of the dingo in the fossil record.

"Since we detect inflow of genes from India into Australia at around the same time, it is likely that these changes were related to this migration," says Pugach.

Their analyses also reveal a common origin for populations from Australia, New Guinea and the Mamanwa - a Negrito group from the Philippines - and they estimated that these groups split from each other about 36,000 years ago.

Mark Stoneking says: "This finding supports the view that these populations represent the descendants of an early 'southern route' migration out of Africa, while other populations in the region arrived later by a separate dispersal." This also indicates that Australians and New Guineans diverged early in the history of Sahul, and not when the lands were separated by rising sea waters around 8,000 years ago.

Irina Pugach, Frederick Del?n, Ellen Gunnarsdottir, Manfred Kayser, Mark Stoneking Genome-wide data substantiates Holocene gene ?ow from India to Australia PNAS, Online Early Edition, January 2013