This
is more on Tesla's work and it touches the important questions. We
am approaching the whole field of Tesla's experiments with a
theroetical model that precisely understands the nature of so calloed
'dark matter' and recognizes its role. So real progess is been made.
This
is quite empirical at the moment but we are gating huge amounts of
brake horse power without having to test extremas which is very good
news. It is going to turn out easier than even tesla imagined.
Constructing an explanation after will be a bigger challenge. I do
expect it to succumb to elementary methods though which will make it
easy for other work.
One
has to admire Tesla though and find his contemporaries rather common
and ignorant in their wealth. The same mentality still runs amok but
is now on the edge of the precipice that they cannot possibly see.
Chapter
Seven
Free Energy - Fact or Fiction?
While in college Tesla thought it could be possible to operate an electrical motor without sparking brushes. He was told by the professor that such a motor would require perpetual motion and was therefore impossible. Tesla was determined to prove him wrong.
In the 1880's, despite his professors scoffs, Tesla patented the alternating current generator, motor, and transformer. During the 1890's he intensively investigated other methods of power generation including a charged particle collector patented in 1901.
When the New York Times in June of 1902 carried a story about an inventor who claimed he had invented an electrical generator that did not require a prime mover in the form of an external fuel supply, Tesla wrote a friend that he had already invented such a device.
Tesla claimed the invention was an electrical generator that would not consume any fuel. Such a generator would be its own prime mover and was utterly impossible according to modern scientists.
Ninety to a hundred years ago, everybody knew that a heavier-than-air machine could not possibly fly. It would violate the laws of physics. This was the learned opinion of practically all of the so-called experts on the matter.
For example, Simon Newcomb declared in 1901:
"The demonstration that no possible combination of known substances, known forms of machinery and known forms of force, can be united in a practical machine by which man shall fly long distances through the air."
Fortunately,
a few people such as the Wright Brothers wouldn't accept such
pronouncements as the final word. Now we take heavier than air flight
for granted. Today, orthodox physicists and other scientists are
saying similar things against the idea of free energy technologies.
They use negative terms such as pseudoscience and perpetual motion, and citing physical laws which assert that energy cannot be created or destroyed (1st law of thermodynamics), and there is always a decrease in useful energy (2nd law of thermodynamics).
Free energy inventions are devices which can tap a seemingly unlimited supply of energy from the universe, without burning any kind of fuel, creating the perfect solution to the worldwide energy crisis and its associated pollution, degradation, and depletion of the environment. Most free energy devices probably do not create energy, but rather tap into existing natural energy sources by various forms of induction.
Unlike solar or wind devices, free energy devices need little or no energy storage capacity, because they can tap as much energy as needed when needed. Properly designed, free energy devices do not have any limitations.
In The Brooklyn Eagle newspaper, Tesla announced, on July 10th, 1931, that:
"I have harnessed the cosmic rays and caused them to operate a motive device."
Later
on in the same article he said that:
"More than 25 years ago I began my efforts to harness the cosmic rays and I can now state that I have succeeded."
In
1933, he made the same assertion in an article for the New York
American, under the lead in: Device to Harness Cosmic Energy
Claimed by Tesla.
"This new power for the driving of the world's machinery will be derived from the energy which operates the universe, the cosmic energy, whose central source for the earth is the sun and which is everywhere present in unlimited quantities."
Dating
back more than 25 years ago from 1933 would mean that the device
Tesla was speaking about must have been built before 1908. Almost
certainly the idea had occurred to Tesla years earlier. More precise
information is available through his correspondence now located in
the Columbia University Library's collection.
Electricity Without Burning Fuel
Writing on June 10th, 1902 to his friend Robert U. Johnson, editor of Century Magazine, Tesla included a clipping from the previous day's New York Herald about Clemente Figueras, a woods and forest engineer in Las Palmas, capital of the Canary Islands, who had invented a device for generating electricity without burning fuel.
What became of Figueras and his fuel-less generator is not known, but this announcement in the paper prompted Tesla, in his letter to Johnson, to claim he had already developed such a device and had revealed the underlying physical laws.
Other U.S. patents have been filed: (#3,811,058, #3,879,622, and #4,151,431), for example, for motors that run exclusively on permanent energy, seemingly tapping into energy circulating through the earth's magnetic field. The first two require a feedback network in order to be self-running.
The third one, (as described in detail in Science & Mechanics magazine, Spring, 1980), requires critical sizes, shapes, orientations, and spacings of magnets, but no feedback. Such a motor could drive an electric generator or reversible heat pump in one's home, year round, for free. [Complete descriptive copies of U.S. patents are $3.00 each from the U.S. Patent Office, 2021 Jefferson Davis Hwy., Arlington, VA22202; correct 7-digit patent number required.]
According to Oliver Nichelson, who has made extensive studies of Tesla and free energy machines, the device that, at first, seems to best fit Tesla's claims is found in his patent for an "Apparatus for the Utilization of Radiant Energy" Number 685,957, that was filed for on March 21, 1901 and granted on November 5, 1901.
"Apparatus
for the Utilization of Radiant Energy"
Patent
#685,957, filed on March 21, 1901 and granted on November 5, 1901.
The
concept behind the older technical language is simple -an insulated
metal plate is put as high as possible into the air. Another metal
plate is put into the ground. A wire is run from the metal plate to
one side of a capacitor and a second wire goes from the ground plate
to the other side of the capacitor.
The sun, as well as other sources of radiant energy, throw off minute particles of matter positively electrified, which, impinging upon [the upper] plate, communicate continuously an electrical charge to the same. The opposite terminal of the condenser being connected to ground, which may be considered as a vast reservoir of negative electricity, a feeble current flows continuously into the condenser and inasmuch as the particles are charged to a very high potential, this charging of the condenser can continue almost indefinitely, even to the point of rupturing the dielectric.
Today, we would call this device a solar-electric panel. Tesla's invention is very different though, but the closest thing to it in conventional technology is in photovoltaics. One radical difference is that conventional solar-electric panels consist of a substrate coated with crystalline silicon; the latest use amorphous silicon.
Conventional solar panels are expensive, and, whatever the coating, they are manufactured by esoteric processes. But Tesla's solar panel is just a shiny metal plate with a transparent coating of an insulating material.
Stick one of these antenna-like panels up in the air, the higher the better, and wire it to one side of a capacitor, the other going to a good earth ground.
Now
the energy from the sun is charging that capacitor. Connect across
the capacitor some sort of switching device so that it can be
discharged at rhythmic intervals, and you have an electric output.
Tesla's patent tells us that it is very simple to get electric energy. The bigger the area of the insulated plate, the more energy you get. However, this is more than a solar panel because it does not necessarily need sunshine to operate. It also produces power at night.
Of course, this is impossible according to official science. For this reason, you could not get a patent on such an invention today. Tesla's free energy receiver refers to the sun, as well as other sources of radiant energy, like cosmic rays.
That the device works at night is explained in terms of the night time availability of cosmic rays. Tesla also refers to the ground as a vast reservoir of negative electricity.
Tesla was fascinated by radiant energy and its free energy possibilities. He called the Crooke's radiometer (a device which has vanes that spin in a vacuum when exposed to radiant energy) a beautiful invention. He believed that it would become possible to harness energy directly by connecting to the very wheelwork of nature.
This seems like a very straightforward design and would seem to fulfill his claim for having developed a fuel-less generator powered by cosmic rays, but in 1900 Tesla wrote what he considered his most important article in which he describes a self-activating machine that would draw power from the ambient medium, a fuel less generator, that is different from his Radiant Energy Device.
Entitled: The Problem of Increasing Human Energy - Through the Use of the Sun, the article was published by his friend Robert Johnson in The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine for June 1900.
The title of the chapter where he discusses this device is called: A Departure From Known Methods -Possibility of a "Self Acting" Engine or Machine, Inanimate, Yet Capable, Like an Living Being, of Deriving Energy From the Medium -The Ideal Way of Obtaining Motive Power.
Tesla stated he first started thinking about the idea when he read a statement by Lord Kelvin who said it was impossible to build a mechanism capable of abstracting heat from the surrounding medium and to operate by that heat. Tesla envisioned a very long bundle of metal rods, extending from the earth to outer space.
The earth is warmer than outer space so heat would be conducted up the bars along with an electric current. Then, all that would be needed is a very long power cord to connect the two ends of the metal bars to a motor.
The motor would continue running until the earth was cooled to the temperature of outer space. Of course, now we wouldn't need a power cord to connect the two ends -microwaves would serve.
This would be an inanimate engine which, to all evidence, would be cooling a portion of the medium below the temperature of the surrounding, and operating by the heat abstracted, that is, it would produce energy directly from the environment without the consumption of any material.
Tesla goes on in the article to describe how he worked on the development of such an energy device - here it takes a bit of detective work to focus on which of his inventions he meant.
He wrote that he first started thinking about deriving energy directly from the environment when he was in Paris during 1883, but that he was unable to do much with the idea for several years due to the commercial introduction of his alternating current generators and motors. It was not until 1889 when he again took up the idea of the self-acting machine.
In 1893, Tesla applied for a patent on an electrical coil that is the most likely candidate for a non-mechanical successor of his energy extractor. This is his "Coil for Electro-magnets," patent #512,340. It is a curious design, unlike an ordinary coil made by turning wire on a tube form, this one uses two wires laid next to each other on a form but with the end of the first one connected to the beginning of the second one.
In the patent Tesla explains that this double coil will store many times the energy of a conventional coil. The patent, however, gives no hint of what might have been its more unusual capability.
In an article for Century Magazine, Tesla compares extracting energy from the environment to the work of other scientists who were, at that time, learning to condense atmospheric gases into liquids. In particular he cited the work of a Dr. Karl Linde who had discovered what Tesla described as a self-cooling method for liquefying air.
As Tesla said,
"This was the only experimental proof which I was still wanting that energy was obtainable from the medium in the manner contemplated by me."
What
ties the Linde work with Tesla's electromagnet coil is that both of
them used a double path for the material they were working with.
Linde had a compressor to pump the air to a high pressure, let the
pressure fall as it traveled through a tube, and then used that
cooled air to reduce the temperature of the incoming air by having it
travel back up the first tube through a second tube enclosing the
first.
The already cooled air added to the cooling process of the machine and quickly condensed the gases to a liquid. Tesla's intent was to condense the energy trapped between the earth and its upper atmosphere and to turn it into an electric current.
He pictured the sun as an immense ball of electricity, positively charged with a potential of some 200 billion volts. The Earth, on the other hand, is charged with negative electricity.
The tremendous electrical force between these two bodies constituted, at least in part, what he called cosmic energy. It varied from night to day and from season to season but it is always present.
Tesla's patents for electrical generators and motors were granted in the late 1880's. During the 1890's the large electric power industry, in the form of Westinghouse and General Electric, came into being. With tens of millions of dollars invested in plants and equipment, the industry was not about to abandon a very profitable ten year old technology for yet another new one.
Tesla saw that profits could be made from the self-acting generator, but somewhere along the line it was pointed out to him the negative impact the device would have on the newly emerging technological revolution of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
At the end of his article in Century he wrote:
"I worked for a long time fully convinced that the practical realization of the method of obtaining energy from the sun would be of incalculable industrial value, but the continued study of the subject revealed the fact that while it will be commercially profitable if my expectations are well founded, it will not be so to an extraordinary degree."
Years
later, in 1933, he was more pointed in his remarks about the
introduction of his fuel-less generator. In the Philadelphia Public
Ledger of November 2, is an interview with Tesla under the
headline: Tesla 'Harnesses' Cosmic Energy.
In it he was asked whether the sudden introduction of his principle would upset the present economic system, Dr. Tesla replied,
"It is badly upset already." He added: "Now as never before was the time ripe for the development of new resources."
At
a press conference to celebrate his 76th birthday, Tesla announced
that he had invented a cosmic-ray motor.
When asked if it was more powerful than the Crooke's radiometer, he answered,
"Thousands of times more powerful."
Tesla
claimed that from the electric potential that exists between the
elevated plate (plus) and the ground (minus), energy builds in the
capacitor, and, after a suitable time interval, the accumulated
energy will manifest itself in a powerful discharge.
Unfortunately, this invention, like so many others that Tesla claimed near the end of his life, allegedly never was developed. At least it was never developed publicly. When he died, there were in all, the approximate equivalent of a railroad boxcar load of Tesla materials confiscated by the government, from around four different storage locations.
Of this, a total of only about 150,000 documents were released to Tesla's Yugoslavian relatives, now held by the Tesla Institute in Belgrade. These documents and old models, primarily of a historical nature, comprise most of the published Tesla materials of the institute.
A huge volume of documents and models were retained by the Custodian of Alien Properties in an unclassified state, because the government's experts had declared that none of it was worth classifying.
From 1943 until 1945, when, following the arrival of the Nazi scientists and the secret war files of Nazi Germany, acquired under Operation Paperclip, officials from Wright-Patterson Air Force Base hurried up to the warehouses of the Custodian of Alien Properties, and took possession of all the documents and other materials, all which were classified at the highest level.
The remainder of Tesla's papers in government hands are still classified. There are literally tons of notes, documents, drawings, and plans, as well as the over twenty boxes of still missing Tesla material. The government distributed false rumors that Tesla never kept notes, which was a blatant lie.
To this day, there is no way of knowing whether or not Tesla's cosmic ray motor was practical or not. However, evidence found in Tesla's lost journals seems to indicate that free energy is possible and within the framework of known science.
Richard (Scott) McKie designed and tested in 1991 a small model of a Power On Demand MODule. The circuitry invokes Tesla's theories of electron flow, resonance, and magnetism, combined with modern theories on high frequency electronics and radio antennas to generate power directly, without the inefficient conversion of energy from other sources.
Tesla
applied the knowledge gained from his Colorado
experiments in
the construction of Wardenclyffe in
what is today Shoreham, Long Island. This facility was to be his
crowning achievement: a World Telegraphy Center.
Tesla
envisioned not only the broadcast of news and transmission of encoded
personal messages, but also a universal time code and the
transmission of electricity.
Tree Energy Research Today
Patrick G. Bailey, Ph. D. in his Review Of Zero Point Energy And Free Energy Theory, Progress, And Devices - writes that the study of the free energy field overlaps with quite a number of other areas of science and technology that are not well understood, and are usually called "fringe areas."
Bailey believes that responsible investigations in these areas do uncover important information and data that can relate to various questions that occur in the study of free energy.
These questions include:
Why is this research not conducted?
Is it suppressed?
Why is it suppressed?
Are there other examples of such suppression?
Where can I get more information?
Are there any examples of such advanced related technologies?
If such energy sources exist, has anyone found out how to use them?
How do they work?
Can I use them, and can I use them in a responsible manner?
There
is a great outcry by those familiar with our current energy policy
and the public electricity utility network for need of a new
breakthrough in the technology of energy production. Dr. Gary
Johnson,
a college professor and IEEE Senior Member, recently published a
short review of the researchers in this area in a noted US technical
journal and concluded his four page report with the statement:
"There is a great deal of noise in the literature. Some concepts are obviously nonsense. Others will prove to be in error. But is there any signal in all the noise? There is if Tesla, Moray, and Bearden are correct. The potential payoff is enormous, so the search should be continued if there is any chance at all of success."
Also, Llewellen
King,
publisher of The Energy Daily, Defense Week, and Environmental
Week newsletters in Washington DC recently strongly and
dramatically stated in a speech to an international technical
conference:
"We have failed with energy to come up with the 'Great Big Breakthrough!' 'The Major Change.' 'The Radically Different Thing.' 'The Quantum Leap Forward.' Where is the jump from a copper wire to a fiber or to a cable? Where is the equivalent of fiber optics for electricity?... The new technologies such as magnetohydrodynamics, (are advancing and coming forth), and yet these things have not fostered - and we are still boiling water! It is theoretically possible that we could at some point take this 'Quantum Leap Forward.' And in order to do that, I believe that you will need new institutions to deploy new technology.
"They won't be deployed by the extant of the old institutions. The challenge in technology is to find It, and then sell It, and finally to deploy It."
Does
there exist a conspiracy to suppress free energy devices -like the
suppression that confronted Tesla with his free-energy receiver?
There is the possibility that there is a collection and network of
vested interest groups that seem to tightly band together for mutual
financial survival.
The actions taken by any of these groups may be completely independent from the others. As well, some sort of control and suppression in the press seems very evident. Ken MacNeill published in 1983 a very disturbing article entitled "Insights into the Proprietary Syndrome," in which he points out that over 3,000 patents have been suppressed!
Two historical events are worth including here regarding possible suppression and inability to commercialize free energy devices. These are the Over-Unity Device of T. Henry Moray, and the Hindershot Motor. Both of these devices were publicly demonstrated to the US press in the 1930s, and carefully conducted tests were made to assess these devices.
From the newspaper reports and clippings, it appears that both devices passed all tests, only to fall into oblivion. What exactly happened to the devices, their inventors, and the technology is not known. It also appears that the secrets of the devices died with their inventors.
Toby Grotz has presented theory and results of Project Tesla to determine if the earth's electrostatic (atmospheric) Schumann Cavity can be resonated, if the power that is delivered to the cavity propagates with very low losses, and if power can be extracted at other locations within the cavity. A theoretical analysis of Tesla's "Death Ray" was also presented by Toby Grotz (1991).
By carefully examining historical records, this 1937 design was probably the first attempt to construct a high voltage particle beam device. Tesla's estimates indicate that a five meter diameter metal sphere charged to 60 million volts could project a high energy charged particle beam up to 60 kilometers through the air in a given direction.
In 1991, Oliver Nichelson summarized two of Tesla's later energy generation device designs, including a turbine-shaped Unipolar Dynamo design for a machine that can continue to produce electricity after being disconnected from an outside power source.
This
paper is also important because it also describes Tesla's "Coil
for Electro-Magnetics," patented in 1893.
Following in Tesla's Footprints
In the early 1900's, Dr. Thomas Henry Moray of Salt Lake City produced his first device to tap energy from the metafrequency oscillations of empty space itself. Eventually Moray was able to produce a free energy device weighing sixty pounds and producing 50,000 watts of electricity for several hours. Ironically, although he demonstrated his device repeatedly to scientists and engineers, Moray was unable to obtain funding to develop the device further into a useable power station that would furnish electrical power on a mass scale.
Like
Tesla, Moray had run afoul of those who had an "energy
monopoly"
and were not willing to share.
As a boy, Moray had been deeply inspired by Nikola Tesla. Moray was especially enthusiastic by Tesla's claims of free energy, and his emphasis on frequencies as the stuff of the universe. When Moray finished high school he went abroad to study, and took resident examinations for his doctorate in electrical engineering from the University of Uppsala, Sweden, during the period 1912-14.
As a boy, Moray had been deeply inspired by Nikola Tesla. Moray was especially enthusiastic by Tesla's claims of free energy, and his emphasis on frequencies as the stuff of the universe. When Moray finished high school he went abroad to study, and took resident examinations for his doctorate in electrical engineering from the University of Uppsala, Sweden, during the period 1912-14.
Moray at first theorized that energy was coming from within the earth. Through continuous experimentation and in spite of the doubts held by the scientific community of the day, he discovered that the energy was not coming from the ground but from an outside source away from the earth.
The energy came in continuous surges, like waves of the sea, more in the daytime than at night. At this time Moray had enough power to light a 16-candle power carbon lamp at about one-half capacity. He labeled and defined his "Radiant Energy: the source of energy coming from the cosmos to the earth and radiating back from whence it came."
Around 1920, Moray produced his first elementary device that delivered measurable electrical power, and he continued to work diligently on energy devices when he had time. In the 1920's and 1930's he steadily improved his devices, particularly his detector tube, the only real secret of the device according to Moray himself.
In his book, The Sea Of Energy In Which The Earth Floats, Moray presents documented evidence that he invented the first transistor-type valve in 1925. In his free energy detector tube Moray apparently used, inside the tube itself, a variation of this transistor idea—a small rounded pellet of a mixture of triboluminescent zinc, a semiconductor material, and a radioactive material.
Channeling the waves of energy was done by way of an antenna. When set up and connected to the ground, priming and then tuning, the device would draw electrical energy. Results of this experimentation proved that the power generation had not originated from within the device. The device, through channeling radiant energy, produced up to 50,000 Watts of power and worked for long periods of time.
According to Moray, highly energetic cosmic rays from space are tapped by the machine, which is in subharmonic resonance with this high-frequency energy level, and it converts this energy level into a usable form of electricity. However, Moray's use of the term "cosmic ray" is not necessarily the same as that of modern physics, but in fact is the same as the present concept of zero-point energy of vacuum.
Moray envisioned all space filled with tremendously high frequency vibrations carrying vast and incalculable amounts of pure raw energy. He envisioned the dynamic Universe as a turbulent source of great energy, just as the ocean waves carry energy throughout the earth. This idea was also shared by Tesla,
Moray's patent application (never granted) was filed on July 13, 1931, long before the advent of the Bell Laboratories' transistor. Moray successfully demonstrated his radiant energy device to electrical engineering professors, congressmen, dignitaries, and a host of other visitors to his laboratory. Moray even moved his device several miles out in the country, away from all power lines, to prove that he was not simply tuning in to energy being clandestinely radiated from some other part of his laboratory.
Several times he allowed independent investigators to completely disassemble his device and reassemble it, then reactivate it themselves. In all tests, he was successful in demonstrating that the device could produce energy output without any appreciable energy input. According to exhaustive documentation, no one was ever able to prove that the device was fraudulent or that Moray had not accomplished exactly what he claimed.
On the other hand, the records are full of signed statements from physicists, electrical engineers, and scientists who came to the Moray laboratory as skeptics and left convinced that Moray had succeeded in tapping a universal source of energy that could produce free electrical power.
But despite his successes, the U.S. Patent Office refused to grant Moray a patent, first, because his device used a cold cathode in the tubes (the patent examiner asserted it was common knowledge that a heated cathode was necessary to obtain electrons) and, second, because he failed to identify the source of the energy.
All sorts of irrelevant patents and devices were also presented as being infringed upon or duplicated by Moray's work. Each of these objections was patiently answered and nullified by Moray; nonetheless, the patent has still not been issued to this day, although Moray's family still keep the patent application current.
According to writer Tom Bearden, one of Moray's efforts to develop the machine involved an association with the Rural Electrification Agency for a short time before World War II. At that time, the R.E.A. was apparently infiltrated at the highest levels by Communist sympathizers. These officials continually urged Moray to turn over all details of his device to the Soviet Union, and even arranged the visit of high level Soviet scientists to the Moray laboratory to see the device in operation.
It is thought that because of Moray's dealings with the R.E.A. - much of his important work was obtained clandestinely by the Soviet Union. Bearden speculates that Moray's work inspired the Soviets to develop the hyperspace amplifiers later used in their psychotronic weapons.
Moray became quite alarmed at the continued attempts of his R.E.A. contacts to get the device into the hands of the Russians. He eventually concluded that he had become involved with a governmental group filled with radicals and reactionaries. Much like Tesla, Moray became concerned that fifth column activity was actually directed against him in an attempt to steal his device.
Perhaps because of his misgivings, Moray was wounded by a gunshot in his own laboratory on March 2, 1940. No details have ever surfaced concerning who fired the shot or if Moray was the intended target. Moray finally discontinued his association with the R.E.A. in February 1941.
Unfortunately, Moray's basic unit was destroyed in 1939 by a man who had wanted Moray to fully disclose the inner workings and construction of his device. In Moray's day there was no theory predicting that empty space contained prodigious quantities of energy. Modern followers of quantum geometrodynamics assert the truth of Tesla's original vision. Today we know that one cubic centimeter of pure vacuum contains enough energy to condense into 1080 -10120 grams of matter. Thus the major part of Tesla's and Moray's thesis -that vacuum itself contains unlimited energy -is vindicated today.
With the high price of gasoline and the ever growing concern for our environment, the concept of an all electric car is once again being considered by the major auto manufacturers. Unfortunately, the problem with battery weight and storage still makes electric cars economically unfeasible.
In an article by Arthur Abrom for the Dallas Morning News, it was pointed out that electric powered automobiles were one of the earliest considerations and this mode of propulsion enjoyed a brief but short reign. In the early days of automobile development, electric propulsion was considered and used.
An electric powered automobile possessed many advantages that the noisy, cantankerous, smoke-belching gasoline cars could not offer. First and foremost is the absolute silence one experiences when riding in an electrically powered vehicle. There is not even a hint of noise.
One simply turns a key and steps on the accelerator -the vehicle moves instantly. No cranking from the start, no crank to turn (this was before electric starters), no pumping of the accelerator, no spark control to advance and no throttle linkage to pre-set before starting. One simply turned the ignition switch to on and away you went.
If one wants to increase speed, you simply depress the accelerator, further there is never any hesitation. Releasing the accelerator causes the vehicle to slow down immediately -you are always in complete control. It is not difficult to understand why these vehicles were so very popular around the turn of the century and until around 1915.
The big disadvantage to these cars then, and even today, was their range and need for recharging every night. All of these electric vehicles used a series of batteries and a D.C. motor. The batteries require constant recharging and the range of travel was restricted to about 100 miles. Many of the large department stores in metropolitan areas began purchasing delivery trucks that were electrically powered. They were silent and emitted no pollutants. They were almost the perfect car.
Maintenance was a minimum on electrically powered vehicles. There were few mechanics and garages in operation in the early 1900's. So city life and travel appeared to be willing to embrace the electric automobile.
Two things happened to dampen the popularity of the electric automobile. One was the subconscious craving for speed that gripped all auto enthusiasts of this era. Electric vehicles could not reach speeds of 45 or 50 m.p.h. for this would have destroyed the batteries in moments. Bursts of speeds of 25 to 35 m.p.h. could be maintained for a moment or so.
Normal driving speed, depending upon traffic conditions, was 15 to 20 m.p.h. by 1900 to 1910 standards, this was an acceptable speed limit to obtain from your electric vehicle. As well, the electric automobile could not be adapted to accommodate and utilize Tesla's polyphase A.C. motor. So, somewhere around 1915 or so, the electric automobile became just a memory.
In 1931, under the financing of Pierce-Arrow and George Westinghouse, a 1931 Pierce-Arrow was selected to be tested at the factory grounds in Buffalo, N.Y. The standard internal combustion engine was removed and an 80-H.P. 1800 r.p.m electric motor installed to the clutch and transmission. The A.C. motor measured 40 inches long and 30 inches in diameter and the power leads were left standing in the air -no external power source.
At the appointed time, Nikola Tesla arrived from New York City and inspected the Pierce-Arrow automobile. He then went to a local radio store and purchased a handful of tubes, wires and assorted resistors. A box measuring 24 inches long, 12 inches wide and 6 inches high was assembled housing the circuit.
The box was then placed on the front seat and had its wires connected to the air cooled, brushless motor. Two rods 1 /4" in diameter stuck out of the box about 3" in length. Mr. Tesla got into the driver's seat, pushed the two rods in and stated, "We now have power." He put the car into gear and it moved forward.
This vehicle, powered by an A.C. motor, was driven to speeds of 90 m.p.h. and performed better than any internal combustion engine of its day. One week was spent testing the vehicle. Several newspapers in Buffalo reported this test.
When asked where the power came from, Tesla replied, "From the ethers all around us." Several people suggested that Tesla was mad and somehow in league with sinister forces of the universe. He became incensed, removed his mysterious box from the vehicle and returned to his laboratory in New York City.
His secret apparently died with him. It is speculated that Tesla was able to somehow harness the earth's magnetic field that encompasses our planet. And, he somehow was able to draw tremendous amounts of power by cutting these lines of force or causing them to be multiplied together. The exact nature of his device remains a mystery.
In 1969, Joseph R. Zubris took his 1961 Mercury and pulled out the Detroit internal combustion engine. He then installed an electric motor as a source of power. His unique wiring system cut the energy drain at starting to 75% of normal and doubled the electrical efficiency of the electric motor when operating.
The U.S. Patent Office issued him a patent No. 3,809,978. Although he approached many concerns for marketing, no one really seemed to be interested. And, his unique system is still not on the market.
In the 1970's, an inventor used an Ev-Gray generator, which intensified battery current, the voltage being induced to the field coils by a very simple programmer (sequencer). By allowing the motor to charge separate batteries as the device ran, phenomenally tiny currents were needed.
The device was tested at the Crosby Research Institute of Beverly Hills, Ca., a 10-horsepower EMA motor ran for over a week (9 days) on four standard automobile batteries. The inventors estimated that a 50-horsepower electric motor could traverse 300 miles at 50 m.p.h. before needing a re-charge.
Dr. Keith E. Kenyon, the inventor from Van Nuys, California discovered a discrepancy in the normal and long accepted laws relating to electric motor magnets. Dr. Kenyon demonstrated his invention for many scientists and engineers in 1976 but their reaction was astounding. Although admitting Dr. Kenyon's device worked, they saw little or no practical application for it.
The ultimate source for a successful electrically powered automobile would be to have an electric motor that required no outside source of power. Sounds impossible because it violates all current scientific thought. Nevertheless, it has been invented and H.R. Johnson has been issued a patent No. 4,151,431 on April 24, 1979 on such a device.
This new design although originally suggested by Tesla in 1905, is a permanent magnet motor. Mr. Johnson has arranged a series of permanent magnets on the rotor and a corresponding series - with different spacing -on the stator. One simply has to move the stator into position and rotation of the rotor begins immediately.
Johnson's patent states:
"The invention is directed to the method of utilizing the unpaired electron spins in ferro-magnetic and other materials as a source of magnetic fields for producing power without any electron flow as occurs in normal conductors and to permanent magnet motors for utilization of this method to produce a power source."
In
the practice of this invention, the unpaired electron spins occurring
within permanent magnets are used to produce a motive power source
solely through the super-conducting characteristics of a permanent
magnet and the magnetic flux created by the magnets are controlled
and concentrated to orient the magnetic forces generated in such a
manner to do useful continuous work such as the displacement of a
rotor with respect to a stator.
The timing and orientation of special magnetic forces at the rotor and stator components produced by permanent magnets to produce a motor is accomplished with the proper geometrical relationship of these components. Engineers of Hitachi Magnetics Corp. of California have stated that a motor run solely by magnets is feasible and logical but the politics of the matter make it impossible for them to pursue developing a magnet motor or any device that would compete with the energy cartels.
In fact, it appears that such devices have been deliberately suppressed over the years to prevent any competition from machines that can generate power without a fuel source.
This
would put big oil and other energy cartels out of business.
The Real Reason For Tesla's Interest in Free Energy
According to Tesla's private journals, anomalous voice transmissions heard over his special radio receivers, discussed the warming of the planet caused by natural and manmade sources of atmospheric pollutants.
Tesla
was also left with the impression that the unknown voices favored
this outcome and may have actually "hurried" the process
along by encouraging the development of the internal combustion
engine.
Tesla may have been the first human to learn about what is referred to today as "Global Warming" and the "Greenhouse Effect." Tesla, convinced that the voices he was receiving were from a hostile extraterrestrial source, began a concerted effort to develop a means of power that did not use the burning of wood or fossil fuels. An energy source that was clean and unlimited and would prevent pollutants, at least manmade, from filling the atmosphere and causing the retention of heat from the sun.
Tesla was the first to become aware of one of the most controversial subjects in conspiratorial circles today - Alternative Three and the destruction of earth!
Tesla may have been the first human to learn about what is referred to today as "Global Warming" and the "Greenhouse Effect." Tesla, convinced that the voices he was receiving were from a hostile extraterrestrial source, began a concerted effort to develop a means of power that did not use the burning of wood or fossil fuels. An energy source that was clean and unlimited and would prevent pollutants, at least manmade, from filling the atmosphere and causing the retention of heat from the sun.
Tesla was the first to become aware of one of the most controversial subjects in conspiratorial circles today - Alternative Three and the destruction of earth!
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