I must admit that I am conflicted when the idea of a universal currency is drummed by those who think a trend is inevitability. Our understanding is not good enough and our institutions are also possibly incomplete. Besides, the recent crisis has seen one financial center take leave of their senses and recreate the precise conditions that led directly to the great Depression. We are surviving the event only because the global financial system is way more robust than in 1929 and governments stepped up immediately to replace the losses to prevent massive forced sales of loans.
I think that the Euro system is sort of doing all right in its approach but I am not sure it has been truly stressed as the US has been. I have not checked, but somehow all the panic has ended in the eastern states that were most vulnerable. Meanwhile, California is left holding the bag today, and must establish its version of a state bank in order to put its fiscal house in order because the Eastern establishment is patently treating it like
Bolivia or worse is simply ignoring them.
I am beginning to think that a universal currency is possibly a good idea but that a distributed federal reserve system is also a very good idea. Such a system would have legislated governors on their behavior and their regionality would force global players to break up their offerings. Somewhere there is a proper system of natural checks and balances able to fend of individual greed and duplicity.
I am becoming less and less enamored with huge centralized organizations which create an umbrella for hundreds of independent fiefdoms who hunker down and are effectively no longer accountable to anyone. I have a lot of respect for the way GE has managed its 600 plus divisions. They have done it better than anyone. I would be even happier if GE spun out majority control of each such division. It would abruptly convert from a 900 pound gorilla to a dynamic 900 pound gorilla simply because every division would attract PR that solidifies business.
The fact is that centralization becomes weakness. GE was damaged last year only because its finance division faced a drought of cheap money. That I am sure is long since remedied.
Towards a Global Currency?
Towards the integration of the Dollar and the Euro?
By Michel Chossudovsky
URL of this article: www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=14461
Global Research, July 20, 2009
With a view to restoring financial stability, World leaders have called upon the Group of 20 countries (G-20) to instigate a new global currency based on the IMF's Special Drawing Rights (SDRs). The media has presented the global currency initiative as a consensus building process, in which BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China) would participate in the revamping of the international monetary system.
I think that the Euro system is sort of doing all right in its approach but I am not sure it has been truly stressed as the US has been. I have not checked, but somehow all the panic has ended in the eastern states that were most vulnerable. Meanwhile, California is left holding the bag today, and must establish its version of a state bank in order to put its fiscal house in order because the Eastern establishment is patently treating it like
Bolivia or worse is simply ignoring them.
I am beginning to think that a universal currency is possibly a good idea but that a distributed federal reserve system is also a very good idea. Such a system would have legislated governors on their behavior and their regionality would force global players to break up their offerings. Somewhere there is a proper system of natural checks and balances able to fend of individual greed and duplicity.
I am becoming less and less enamored with huge centralized organizations which create an umbrella for hundreds of independent fiefdoms who hunker down and are effectively no longer accountable to anyone. I have a lot of respect for the way GE has managed its 600 plus divisions. They have done it better than anyone. I would be even happier if GE spun out majority control of each such division. It would abruptly convert from a 900 pound gorilla to a dynamic 900 pound gorilla simply because every division would attract PR that solidifies business.
The fact is that centralization becomes weakness. GE was damaged last year only because its finance division faced a drought of cheap money. That I am sure is long since remedied.
Towards a Global Currency?
Towards the integration of the Dollar and the Euro?
By Michel Chossudovsky
URL of this article: www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=14461
Global Research, July 20, 2009
With a view to restoring financial stability, World leaders have called upon the Group of 20 countries (G-20) to instigate a new global currency based on the IMF's Special Drawing Rights (SDRs). The media has presented the global currency initiative as a consensus building process, in which BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China) would participate in the revamping of the international monetary system.
Russia and China have put forth "proposals" which have been highlighted as possible alternatives to the dollar. China has proposed the formation of a new global currency based on a reform of SDR system:
"It is a feasible plan to reform the present SDR and make it into a real settlement currency, a universally accepted 'currency basket' that would replace the dollar at the heart of the monetary system," (Li Ruogu, chairman of the Export-Import Bank of China, Reuters, 6 July 2009)
China's proposal does not imply a major shift in global banking arrangements, nor does it open up a window of debate regarding monetary reform.
On the other hand, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev has explicitly questioned the composition of the SDR basket and has called upon the IMF "to expand the currency basket of SDRs to include the Chinese yuan, commodity currencies and gold in order that it matures into a reserve currency."
GeopoliticsGlobal Geopolitics bears a relationship to the international monetary system. Control over money creation is an instrument of economic conquest. The invasion and occupation of Iraq was to exclude rival Russian and Chinese interests from the Middle-East and Central Asian oil fields. The reform of the international monetary system is a project of the dominant financial elites, which is discussed behind closed doors. It is unlikely that Russia and China, which in large part remain subordinate to Western banking interests, will perform a significant role in central banking functions at a global level. Moreover, this initiative occurs at a time of East West confrontation, amidst veiled US-NATO threats directed against Russia as well China. The establishment of a new global currency and central banking system is an instrument of global economic domination which is intimately related to the broader US-NATO military agenda.
While the SDR basket composition could be modified or revised, it is unlikely that the Yuan and the Ruble would be allowed to perform a role as major reserve currencies. What is more likely to occur is the formation of a global proxy currency predicated largely on the Euro and the US dollar. In response to the Dollar-Euro hegemony, Russia, China and the member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) may decide to develop bilateral trading arrangements in Rubles or Yuan (renminbi).
Special Drawing Rights
SDRs are a composite accounting unit used by the IMF and the World Bank in loan agreements with member countries. The SDR is a basket of essentially four major currencies: the US dollar, the Euro, the British pound and the Japanese Yen.
The IMF has recently presented a plan for issuing debt denominated in SDRs rather than US dollars. The media has heralded this decision as a major innovation, when in fact the Bretton Woods institutions have, for many years, been issuing debt denominated in SDRs.
"Today, the SDR has only limited use as a reserve asset, and its main function is to serve as the unit of account of the IMF and some other international organizations. The SDR is neither a currency, nor a claim on the IMF. Rather, it is a potential claim on the freely usable currencies of IMF members." (IMF Fact Sheet on SDRs)
What would happen if a new global currency were to be devised using the existing SDR framework?
SDRs would no longer be an accounting unit but a unit of currency in a basket. Actual central banking functions, however, would not necessarily be transferred to the IMF, they would remain in the hands of four constituent central banks: The US Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank based in Frankfurt, the Bank of England and the Bank of Japan. I
The IMF is a bureaucracy which serves the interests of major private financial institutions.
While the IMF would formally be responsible for overseeing a global currency, the IMF would not actually be responsible for monetary policy. Under the existing SDR composition, the central banking functions would be divided between four central banks. These central banks are in turn controlled by a handful of private banking interests.
A global currency based on the existing SDR arrangement would not fundamentally change the global monetary order.
The SDR would be a proxy currency. Under the present composition of the SDR, what we would be dealing with is an alliance between US, British, European and Japanese banking institutions, ultimately with the US dollar and the Euro predominating.
Euro-Dollar Rivalry
From the outset in 1999, there has been a clash between the Euro and the dollar. In Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union, the Balkans extending into Central Asia, the dollar and the Euro are competing with one another. Ultimately, control over national currency systems is the basis upon which countries are colonized. While the U.S. dollar prevails throughout the Western Hemisphere, the Euro and the U.S. dollar are clashing in the former Soviet Union, Central Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East. Prior to the invasion of Iraq in March 2003, there was a political confrontation between the Franco-German alliance and the dominant Anglo-American military axis. With the election of pro-US governments in both France and Germany, a political consensus seems to have emerged with regard to the Middle East war. In turn, this consensus regarding the US-NATO military agenda favors greater cooperation and integration between the US and the EU in global financial and monetary affairs. Would this potential "alliance" between powerful overlapping American, British, European and Japanese banking interests lead to the integration of the Euro and the dollar into a single global currency? This integration would lead to reinforcing the hegemonic control of a small number of global banking and financial institutions over the process of money creation. This, in turn, would overshadow the functions of national central banks, encroach on the sovereignty of the Nation State and eventually lead to a new phase of the global debt crisis.
