Our core
agricultural economy has been seriously distorted forever and is in serious
need of rationalization. This includes a
regulated wage system and producer marketing cooperatives positioned to control
volume and import dumping. Curiously all
this can be formulized under predictable equations everyone can work with.
This is
particularly so when we recognize that cost measurement is extremely refined in
this industry.
Our system
evolved from slavery into sharecropping into capital based agriculture relying
on often imported cheap labor, even if claimed otherwise. This succeeded against the family farm which
had an actual labor advantage due to complete flexibility and family
input.
Implementing
minimum wages throughout agriculture for everyone is a fine start. Then make those wages equal to a reasonable
basket of goods and services so that we avoid the position creep indulged in by
manipulative statisticians. Implement
those wages throughout all society. Then
get over it.
A minimum wage
should be about $15.00. The economy will
adjust and likely adjust wonderfully as thousands of independent farms develop
stronger balance sheets and begin to invest.
"Our Food Is
Dishonestly Priced": Michael Pollan on the Food Movement's Next Goal of
Justice for Food Workers
Sunday, 26 January 2014 00:00
Michael Pollan at Pop!Tech 2009.
Industry plays up the image of the food snob to keep
us divided, but the stereotype hides a much more diverse and savvy movement,
says best-selling author and food activist Michael Pollan.
Take a stroll through most grocery stores, and many
of the products claim to be organically grown or locally sourced. The foodie
movement has swept America in the last decade, thanks in no small part to the
work of journalists and intellectuals who have championed the cause online,
in print and on the airwaves.
Michael Pollan is inarguably one of the most
influential of these figures. Pollan is most famous for his books,
especially In Defense of Food: An Eater's Manifesto (2008)
and The Omnivore's Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals (2006).
He also contributes regularly to publications such as the New York Times
Magazine, where his work has received numerous awards, and is a professor
of journalism at the University of California, Berkeley.
As organic, locally grown food has emerged as a
cultural and economic counterforce to industrialized agriculture, critics have
claimed it is elitist and accessible only to those with the resources to pay
more for their nourishment. Pollan and his allies have responded, in part, by
drawing the public's attention to the low-wage workers who work in the field,
behind the counter, and in the kitchen. In recent years Pollan has supported the efforts of the Coalition of Immokalee
Workers, an organization dedicated to improving working conditions and wages
for tomato pickers' in Florida; in December 2013 he sided with fast food
strikers and their demand for a $15 dollar per hour wage. In an email missive
for MoveOn.org (received by 8 million subscribers), Pollan wrote: "If we are ever to . . . produce food
sustainably and justly and sell it at an honest price, we will first have to
pay people a living wage so that they can afford to buy it."
In his words, fair wages must be part of the push to democratize food.
I recently connected with Pollan to discuss
equitable food pricing,
farm worker rights, and industrial agriculture's role in casting the food
movement as elitist. (What follows is a condensed and edited version of
our conversation.) I began by asking Pollan about his evolving personal
interest in the plight of food workers.
"I've been really paying more attention to it
over time than I did at the beginning," he said. "When I wrote my
first book about the food system, The Omnivore's Dilemma, I didn't talk in detail about labor. It was much
more from the point of view of the eater than the person behind the counter.
"But the food movement is all about connecting
the dots," Pollan continued. "Both the farm workers and the fast food
workers are very important in the food system. I think Eric Schlosser did this
better than anyone in Fast Food Nation (2001),
where the focus was very much on food workers, slaughterhouse workers and farm
workers. I think he's helped to sensitize a lot of people in the food movement
who perhaps weren't paying as much attention to this part of the puzzle as they
should have been. You definitely find the interest spreading and accelerating as
social inequality has gotten so much worse in the last few years."
Why, I wondered, is there this impression of the
food movement as an elite venue? And why is it that the only people who can
afford local, organic options are generally those who don't have to worry about
their pay?
"Although there's a kernel of truth in that
image [of a foodie elite]," he responded, "it's also a part of the
rhetorical strategy used by the [agricultural] industry to fight the food
movement: that it's elitist; that this kind of food can't feed the world; that
only industrial agriculture can get the job done and put lots of cheap meat in
front of us. It's a bludgeon used in a very serious ideological battle.
"Often stereotypes have some kernel of truth
behind them, and this one did, but it's been way overplayed by the media, in
particular. They love this idea that the food movement is merely elitist. But
if you dig in, there's an inner-city dimension of the food movement. Urban
agriculture is all about access, underserved communities and the whole
discourse around "food deserts."
"When you buy cheap food, the real costs have
been externalized," Pollan continued. "Those externalized costs have
always included labor. It is only the decline over time of the minimum wage in
real dollars that's made the fast food industry possible, along with feedlot
agriculture, pharmaceuticals on the farm, pesticides and regulatory
forbearance. All these things are part of the answer to the question: Why is
that crap so cheap? Our food is dishonestly priced. One of the ways in which
it's dishonestly priced is the fact that people are not paid a living wage to
process it, to serve it, to grow it, to slaughter it."
I said that Pollan made a great point about the
devil's bargain of cheap products for cheap wages, but noted that state farm
bureaus and other agricultural industry representatives across the country
would no doubt disagree. Opponents of fair wages claim that increased farm
worker pay will result in higher food prices. I asked Pollan if this kind of
scare messaging resonates with his base of supporters in the food movement.
"That argument has been used to thwart all
kinds of reform in the food industry," he replied. "If we clean up
our act, in any way, we're going to have to pay more at the register. There's a
kernel of truth. If you raised the price of wages to people in the food
industry to, say, $15 an hour in fast food, no doubt it would add to prices -
although the claims of how much it would add to prices are exaggerated. However,
those people would be able to afford more. That's why we need to pay people
more so they can afford it. There's a virtuous circle of paying people more so
that they can afford better stuff."
I absolutely agree, of course, but will those higher
prices, or the threat of higher prices, scare off support for workers among
eaters who consider themselves part of the food movement?
"It's a politically potent argument,"
Pollan admitted. "It needs to be repelled by pointing out that we need to
pay people a living wage so they can afford to pay the real cost of food. Cheap
food is really an addiction for an economy and for a society. Cheap food is one
of the pillars on which our economy is based. It is what has allowed wages to
fall over the last 30 or 40 years, the fact that food was getting cheaper the
whole time. In a sense, cheap food has subsidized the collapse in wages that
we've seen. Part of repairing the whole system will involve paying people more
and internalizing the real cost of producing this food."
I next asked Pollan to point to some of the bright
spots around the country where fair wages and working conditions for food
workers are being successfully promoted. He flagged the Coalition
of Immokalee Workers (CIW), labor
activists who are based in the corner of southern Florida that provides a third of America's tomato harvest. Farm laborers in
the region have been subjected to almost every indignity and injustice
imaginable, including slavery.
"The Coalition of Immokalee Workers has been a
real beacon on this issue," he said. "That has been a very successful
movement to pressure the food industry into improving, not just the earnings,
but the working conditions of some of the most exploited workers in the
country. The way it was done was through the creation of a pledge, The Fair
Food Agreement. Then they applied pressure through everything from negotiation,
boycott, shaming - every tool in the political kit - to move several big
companies to sign on. I think that that's an interesting model. There's the
model of obviously legislating higher wages, and that's one way to do it. But
this has been a boycott led by activists and consumers and has received a lot
of support from the food movement over quite a number of years."
The innovative and comprehensive tactics utilized by
the Coalition of Immokalee Workers is an excellent example of food workers
taking the fight to the companies. While they initially utilized the strike as
a primary tactic, the group has had far greater success with secondary boycotts
and other kinds of public pressure campaigns targeting brand-sensitive
companies. Walmart just signed onto their Fair Food Program, which sets an
industry standard of higher wages by charging one penny more in wages per pound
of tomatoes picked.
I asked Pollan what other groups can learn from
CIW's example.
"They didn't appeal to any government - state,
federal or local," Pollan responded. "They created a model pledge,
[The Fair Food Agreement] that they thought would be just, and then they moved
everybody there. They understood something very important. In today's world,
where government is knotted up, corporations can unilaterally make important
concessions when their brands are under attack. Brands are their most important
assets. When activists understand that and figure out clever ways to threaten
their brands, they can achieve important gains. I think that's the lesson of
the Coalition of Immokalee Workers. They really did take the high road, but it
was also unrelenting pressure. If you talk to people [in management] at Burger
King or Chipotle, I think you'll find they felt besieged for a long time."
I finished by asking about the fast food workers
struggle that is dominating the media these days, which Pollan has also given
his support to.
"It's long overdue," he said. "It has
been driven by the fact that the identity of the fast food worker has changed.
We tolerated these wages when it was our kids working in these places. You
walked in, and you saw a fast food worker, and he was a 17 year old. Now you
walk into a fast food outlet, and you find adults holding these same jobs.
That's a measure of what the economy has become.
We're catching up in our recognition that a lot of
special exemptions were made for fast food companies because they were
employing teenagers, students and part-time workers.
"Then there is the fact that has really caught
people's attention, which is how much public money goes to keeping those people
whole," Pollan concluded. "There is an implicit subsidy of McDonald's
or Walmart, when their workers need food stamps and Medicaid. Once again the
real cost of having those workers is not paid by the corporations or by
consumers. It's being paid by the taxpayer. The recognition of that has driven
an enormous increase in support for the fast food workers. It's an important
movement to watch."
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