Thursday, December 26, 2013

Comparing US and Canadian Healthcare




I am not sure that this is quite fair to the USA although the issues regarding healthcare are unfortunately valid, but that system is actually financially insane and hopelessly gamed by swindlers and con men.  Just thought I would put it out there to see who salutes.  Quite bluntly, if Canada can deliver the service for $4000 against $7000 in the USA, it is clear that the $3000 difference is gamed into the system by the insurance industry and the drug industry by way of financial engineering ala Wall Street while a full third of the population refuses service because they cannot or will not pay for it.

The big question that needs to be addressed when comparing apple to oranges is that Canada downloads much more of the social contract items to its provinces and this produces real healthy competition between jurisdictions.  We can do better, but looking south we also see how to do much worse.

There is little wrong about the Obamacare program that could not be well resolved by this same trick.  The USA has loved to produce national programs which provide maximum political problems for Washington with scant support on the ground.  Dumping everything except National Defense onto the States will make the states far more important, but also fully involved settling issues.

Canada has not perfected good government, but it has been able to learn several valuable lessons that are well worth emulating in the USA.

Recall that in Canada today, if you collapse on the sidewalk, an ambulance will come and get you and the full weight of modern medicine will jump into action.  Nothing else will matter at that time.   This holds true if you simply go in for a checkup.  You will be in the system.

My sister in law, collapsed with bleeding in the brain, was stabilized, then flown 2000 miles to the best surgeon in Canada were a major brain surgery opened her skull to correct a dangerous tangle.  It was successful and she is going strong years later.

Just how many Americans have a plane standing by to fly them to the Mayo Clinic?  In Canada, effectively we all do.

In my own case, a major heart attack led to resuscitation, emergency stenting, later corrective stenting and about thirty days of hospitalization including nine days in an induced coma.  It also meant 20 minutes without a heartbeat, but with continuous CPR, yet full recovery.  My real point in all this is that I never saw a bill nor will.

By the way, I do not think that our medical personnel are paid less money either particularly since they have no need to pay to collect bad debts ever and they all get to take vacations and properly manage their hours.




Canada spends about the same as the US for government but has universal healthcare, mostly balanced budgets and less than half the debt per person
DECEMBER 15, 2013


The charts below show that Canada has federal government spending at about 14% of GDP and the US is at 24% of GDP.

Canada's debt to GDP ratio is about 33% vs 75% for the USA.

Canada has a government deficit this year of about $6 billion vs $600 billion for the US and had deficits of $25-40 billion during the crisis while the US had over $1 trillion deficits each year.

Even if multiplying by nine times for population adjustment Canada is still way lower in terms of spending and deficits.

Canada has universal healthcare at the provincial level.


The US has plenty of financial strength to turn things around.

The military spending could go from 5% down to 2% of GDP with no chance of not having enough military to handle any terrorist threat or any issues with countries like Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran or North Korea. China, Russia and the US will not have a shooting war. If there was the US still would have way more military and can get some help from NATO. In that kind of war the US could mobilize and scale up as needed. Also, the military spending that the US has now is on equipment for something like World War 2 or Vietnam. Any future war between big powers would be more cyber war and other new kinds of conflict.





Less than one in 200 Canadians go to the US for healthcare and Canadian doctors are happy and the high Costs in the US are making about 35% of the people avoid needed procedures
DECEMBER 15, 2013


healthcare study surveyed America’s 20 “best” hospitals — as identified by U.S. News & World Report — on the assumption that if Canadians were going to travel for health care, they would be more likely to go to the best-known and highest-quality facilities. Only one of the 11 hospitals that responded saw more than 60 Canadians in a year. And, again, that included both emergencies and elective care.

Finally, the study’s authors examined data from the 18,000 Canadians who participated in the National Population Health Survey. In the previous year, 90 of those 18,000 Canadians had received care in the United States; only 20 of them, however, reported going to the United States expressively for the purpose of obtaining care.

Canada spends about $4000 per person per year on healthcare and the US spends $7500 per person per year.

About 1 in 200 Canadians go to the US for elective care , but there are a few who end up in US emergency when they are on vacation or traveling to the USA.

Doctors are happy in Canada and More doctors are coming to Canada now

There are waits in Canada but more people avoid needed procedures in the US because of high costs (Rationing by costs versus waits)

Bronze Age Dolman Complex on Black Sea Coast



I do not know where this age came from in the title and it is nonsense.  These structures do conform to a Dolman building culture that coincided with the late Stone Age and the Bronze Age and is present coincidentally along Bronze Age sea lanes.  This region is remarkable because the technology is so extensively developed but otherwise it is all part of the same.

These buildings demonstrated local prestige to foreign traders coming through.  These traders evolved into the Atlantean sea borne factory culture that showed up in some form most anywhere either metal or customers existed.  There is also no reason to expect change or loss until even 1159 BC when the Atlantean world abruptly ended.

They really remind me of been permanent tribal totems which fits the time and place.  After that any other conjecture is blowing in the wind.  Thus we can presume that the fashion to construct upright dolmans and comparables like these unique boxes began about 2400 BC when the Atlantean world was on fire and reaching out to 1159 BC when the fire was extinguished.  At least that gives us a window to test data against.



25,000 Year Old Buildings Found In Russia

Sunday, December 1, 2013 14:47


In Russia, in the Caucasus mountains, not far from the cities Tzelentzchik, Touapse, Novorossiysk and Sochi, there are hundreds of megalithic monuments. The Russians call them dolmens. Russian and foreign archaeologists have not yet discovered their use. All these megalithic dolmens you see below in the pictures are dated from 10,000 years to 25,000 years ago, according to the website Kykeon.   Other archaeologists put the age of these megalithic structures at 4000 to 6,000 years old.  
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Thousands of prehistoric megalithic monuments are known throughout the world. Some of the least known outside the former Soviet Union, however, are those in the Caucasus. These dolmens cover the Western Caucasus on both sides of the mountain ridge, in an area of approximately 12.000 square kilometers of Russia and Abkhazia. 
The Caucasian dolmens represent a unique type of prehistoric architecture, built with precisely dressed cyclopic stone blocks. The stones were, for example, shaped into 90-degree angles, to be used as corners or were curved to make a perfect circle. The monuments date between the end of the 4th millennium and the beginning of the 2nd millennium B.C. 
While generally unknown in the rest of Europe, these Russian megaliths are equal to the great megaliths of Europe in terms of age and quality of architecture, but are still of an unknown origin. 

The Caucasian dolmens represent a unique type of prehistoric architecture, built with precisely dressed large stone blocks. The stones were, for example, shaped into 90-degree angles, to be used as corners or were curved to make a circle.


  

In spite of the variety of Caucasian monuments, they show strong similarities with megaliths from different parts of Europe and Asia, like the Iberian Peninsula, France, Great Britain, Ireland, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Israel and India. A range of hypotheses has been put forward to explain these similarities and the building of megaliths on the whole, but still it remains unclear.




Approximately 3,000 of these megalithic monuments are known in the Western Caucasus, but more are constantly being found, while more and more are also being destroyed. Today, many are in great disrepair and will be completely lost if they are not protected from vandals and general neglect.

The dolmens are found in the area of Krasnodar.  Krasnodar  is a city and the administrative center of Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the Kuban River about 148 kilometers (92 mi) northeast of the Black Sea port of Novorossiysk.

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Concentrations of megaliths, dolmens and stone labyrinths have been found (but little studied) throughout the Caucasus Mountains, including the Abkhazia. Most of them are represented by rectangular structures made of stone slabs or cut in rocks with holes in their facade. These dolmens cover the Western Caucasus on both sides of the mountain ridge, in an area of approximately 12.000 square kilometres of Russia and Abkhazia.
The map above shows locations of known Dolmen structures. The original source for the following images came via a Russian Website

Map of dolmen locations


The dolmens have a limited variety in their architecture. The floor plans are square, trapezoidal, rectangular and round. All of the dolmens are punctuated with a portal in the center of the facade. While round portholes are the most common, square ones are also found. In front of the facade is a court that usually splays out, creating an area where rituals possibly took place. The court is usually outlined by large stone walls, sometimes over a meter high, which enclose the court. It is in this area that Bronze and Iron Age pottery has been found – which helped date these tombs -, along with human remains, bronze tools and silver, gold and semi-precious stone ornaments.

The repertoire of decoration for these tombs is not great. Vertical and horizontal zigzags, hanging triangles and concentric circles are the most common motifs. One decorative motif that is quite common is found across the top of the porthole slab. It can best be described as a lintel held up by two columns. Pairs of breasts, done in relief, have also been found on a few tombs. These breasts usually appear above the two columns of the porthole decoration. Perhaps related to these are the stone plugs, which were used to block the porthole, and are found with almost every tomb. They are sometimes phallic-shaped.
Some unusual items associated with dolmens are big round stone balls, double balls and animal sculptures.


Dolmen pyramid in Mamed canyon

One of the most interesting megalithic complexes – group of three dolmens – stands in a row on a hill above Zhane River on the Black Sea coast in the Krasnodar area near Gelendzhik, Russia. In this area there is a great concentration of all types of megalithic sites including settlements and dolmen cemeteries. Large stone mounds surrounded the two monuments.

The central dolmen is rectangular in plan, 4 x 4 meters, while the two flanking dolmens are circular, 4 and 5 meters in diameter. The two round dolmens had been bulldozed – probably in the 1950s – in order to harvest the surrounding trees, but the main structure of the central dolmen had not been damaged.
Another (fourth) dolmen near the Zhane River has a secret entrance at the back of the chamber, and a façade, dummy entrance and courtyard at the front of the dolmen. There in addition to these pristine dolmens were some ruined dolmens.
The dolmens have a limited variety in their architecture. The floor plans are square, trapezoidal, rectangular and round. All of the dolmens are punctuated with a portal in the center of the facade. While round portholes are the most common, square ones are also known. In front of the facade is a court that usually splays out, creating an area where rituals undoubtedly took place. 

The court is usually outlined by large stone walls, sometimes over a meter high, which enclose the court. It is in this area that Bronze and Iron Age pottery has been found – which helped date these tombs -, along with human remains and bronze tools and silver, gold, and semi-precious stone ornaments. The repertoire of decoration for these tombs is not great. 


Vertical and horizontal zigzags, hanging triangles and concentric circles are the most common motifs. One decorative motif that is quite common is found across the top of the porthole slab. It can best be described as a lintel held up by two columns. Pairs of breasts, done in relief, have also been found on a few tombs. These breasts usually appear above the two columns of the porthole decoration. 


Perhaps related to these are the stone plugs which were used to block the porthole and are found with almost every tomb. They are sometimes phallic-shaped. Some unusual items associated with dolmens are big round stone balls, double balls and animal sculptures.

The Caucasian dolmens were originally built in harmony with the natural landscape
 A long-term project to stody the dolmens ha been sponsored and administered by the Institute for Study of Material Culture History, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.Petersburg, since 1997

The Project was supported by  Russian Ministry of Culture (1998-2006); the State Committee for Protection of Cultural Heritage (Krasnodar area, Russia) (1998-2006); Russian Fund for Humanities (1999-2002, 2006); The Fund of the President of Russia (2001); National Geographic, Committee for Research and Exploration (2001, 2003)


Monsanto and Trans Pacific Partnership with Ellen Brown




This is the continuing saga of Monsanto et al to optimize their business model which is coming under increasing challenge and outright rejection by consumers.  What bothers me is just how few have been able to stand up to them. So far it has been on the edges.

What it going to kill this is surely the biology itself.  The cost structure is already creaking and the absolute need to properly rejuvenate soils just to sustain fertility is a natural deadline.  Super weeds are also signaling failure.

At the same time, conversion to organic protocols is becoming more clearly understood and easier to implement.  Once begun there is no going back.

I am disturbed by the attempt by these multinationals to write their advantage into any trade agreement.  That it infers surrendering sovereignty to Trans national corporation seems wishful thinking but we must remain vigilant.


WHY MONSANTO AND TRANS-PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP EQUAL GLOBAL FOOD DOMINANCE

WED, 11/27/2013 - BY ELLEN BROWN


“Control oil and you control nations,” said U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger in the 1970s. ”Control food and you control the people.”

Global food control has nearly been achieved, by reducing seed diversity with GMO (genetically modified) seeds that are distributed by only a few transnational corporations. But this agenda has been implemented at grave cost to our health; and if the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) passes, control over not just our food but our health, our environment and our financial system will be in the hands of transnational corporations.

Profits Before Populations
According to an Acres USA interview of plant pathologist Don Huber, Professor Emeritus at Purdue University, two modified traits account for practically all of the genetically modified crops grown in the world today. One involves insect resistance.

The other, more disturbing modification involves insensitivity to glyphosate-based herbicides (plant-killing chemicals). Often known as Roundup after the best-selling Monsanto product of that name, glyphosate poisons everything in its path except plants genetically modified to resist it.

Glyphosate-based herbicides are now the most commonly used herbicides in the world. Glyphosate is an essential partner to the GMOs that are the principal business of the burgeoning biotech industry. Glyphosate is a “broad-spectrum” herbicide that destroys indiscriminately, not by killing unwanted plants directly but by tying up access to critical nutrients.

Because of the insidious way in which it works, it has been sold as a relatively benign replacement for the devastating earlier dioxin-based herbicides. But a barrage of experimental data has now shown glyphosate and the GMO foods incorporating it to pose serious dangers to health.

Compounding the risk is the toxicity of “inert” ingredients used to make glyphosate more potent. Researchers have found, for example, that the surfactant POEA can kill human cells, particularly embryonic, placental and umbilical cord cells. But these risks have been conveniently ignored.

The widespread use of GMO foods and glyphosate herbicides helps explain the anomaly that the U.S. spends more than twice as much per capita on healthcare as the average developed country, yet it is rated far down the scale of the world’s healthiest populations. The World Health Organization has ranked the U.S. last out of 17 developed nations for overall health.

Sixty to seventy percent of the foods in U.S. supermarkets are now genetically modified. By contrast, in at least 26 other countries—including Switzerland, Australia, Austria, China, India, France, Germany, Hungary, Luxembourg, Greece, Bulgaria, Poland, Italy, Mexico and Russia—GMOs are totally or partially banned; and significant restrictions on GMOs exist in about sixty other countries.

A ban on GMO and glyphosate use might go far toward improving the health of Americans. But the Trans-Pacific Partnership, a global trade agreement for which the Obama Administration has sought Fast Track status, would block that sort of cause-focused approach to the healthcare crisis.

Roundup’s Insidious Effects
Roundup-resistant crops escape being killed by glyphosate, but they do not avoid absorbing it into their tissues. Herbicide-tolerant crops have substantially higher levels of herbicide residues than other crops. In fact, many countries have had to increase their legally allowable levels—by up to 50 times—in order to accommodate the introduction of GM crops.

In the European Union, residues in foods are set to rise 100 to 150 times if a new proposal by Monsanto is approved. Meanwhile, herbicide-tolerant “super-weeds” have adapted to the chemical, requiring even more toxic doses and new toxic chemicals to kill the plant.

Human enzymes are affected by glyphosate just as plant enzymes are: the chemical blocks the uptake of manganese and other essential minerals. Without those minerals, we cannot properly metabolize our food. That helps explain the rampant epidemic of obesity in the United States. People eat and eat in an attempt to acquire the nutrients that are simply not available in their food.

According to researchers Samsell and Seneff in Biosemiotic Entropy: Disorder, Disease, and Mortality:

"Glyphosate’s inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes is an overlooked component of its toxicity to mammals. CYP enzymes play crucial roles in biology... Negative impact on the body is insidious and manifests slowly over time as inflammation damages cellular systems throughout the body. "Consequences are most of the diseases and conditions associated with a Western diet, which include gastrointestinal disorders, obesity, diabetes, heart disease, depression, autism, infertility, cancer and Alzheimer’s disease."

More than 40 diseases have been linked to glyphosate use, and more keep appearing. In September 2013, the National University of Rio Cuarto, Argentina, published research finding that glyphosate enhances the growth of fungi that produce aflatoxin B1, one of the most carcinogenic of substances.

A doctor from Chaco, Argentina, told Associated Press, “We’ve gone from a pretty healthy population to one with a high rate of cancer, birth defects and illnesses seldom seen before.” Fungi growths have increased significantly in U.S. corn crops.

Glyphosate has also done serious damage to the environment. According to an October 2012 report by the Institute of Science in Society:

"Agribusiness claims that glyphosate and glyphosate-tolerant crops will improve crop yields, increase farmers’ profits and benefit the environment by reducing pesticide use. Exactly the opposite is the case... [T]he evidence indicates that glyphosate herbicides and glyphosate-tolerant crops have had wide-ranging detrimental effects, including glyphosate resistant super weeds, virulent plant (and new livestock) pathogens, reduced crop health and yield, harm to off-target species from insects to amphibians and livestock, as well as reduced soil fertility."

Politics Trumps Science
In light of these adverse findings, why have Washington and the European Commission continued to endorse glyphosate as safe? Critics point to lax regulations, heavy influence from corporate lobbyists, and a political agenda that has more to do with power and control than protecting the health of the people.

In the ground-breaking 2007 book Seeds of Destruction: The Hidden Agenda of Genetic Manipulation, William Engdahl states that global food control and depopulation became U.S. strategic policy under Rockefeller protégé Henry Kissinger. Along with oil geopolitics, they were to be the new “solution” to the threats to U.S. global power and continued U.S. access to cheap raw materials from the developing world.

In line with that agenda, the government has shown extreme partisanship in favor of the biotech agribusiness industry, opting for a system in which the industry “voluntarily” polices itself. Bio-engineered foods are treated as “natural food additives,” not needing any special testing.

Jeffrey M. Smith, executive director of the Institute for Responsible Technology, confirms that U.S. Food and Drug Administration policy allows biotech companies to determine if their own foods are safe. Submission of data is completely voluntary. He concludes:

"In the critical arena of food safety research, the biotech industry is without accountability, standards, or peer-review. They’ve got bad science down to a science."

Whether or not depopulation is an intentional part of the agenda, widespread use of GMO and glyphosate is having that result. The endocrine-disrupting properties of glyphosate have been linked to infertility, miscarriage, birth defects and arrested sexual development.

In Russian experiments, animals fed GM soy were sterile by the third generation. Vast amounts of farmland soil are also being systematically ruined by the killing of beneficial microorganisms that allow plant roots to uptake soil nutrients.

In Gary Null’s eye-opening documentary Seeds of Death: Unveiling the Lies of GMOs, Dr. Bruce Lipton warns, “We are leading the world into the sixth mass extinction of life on this planet... Human behavior is undermining the web of life.”

The TPP and International Corporate Control
As the devastating conclusions of these and other researchers awaken people globally to the dangers of Roundup and GMO foods, transnational corporations are working feverishly with the Obama administration to fast-track the Trans-Pacific Partnership, a trade agreement that would strip governments of the power to regulate transnational corporate activities.

Negotiations have been kept secret from Congress but not from corporate advisers, 600 of whom have been consulted and know the details. According to Barbara Chicherio in Nation of Change:

"The Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) has the potential to become the biggest regional Free Trade Agreement in history... The chief agricultural negotiator for the U.S. is the former Monsanto lobbyist, Islam Siddique. If ratified the TPP would impose punishing regulations that give multinational corporations unprecedented right to demand taxpayer compensation for policies that corporations deem a barrier to their profits. "They are carefully crafting the TPP to insure that citizens of the involved countries have no control over food safety, what they will be eating, where it is grown, the conditions under which food is grown and the use of herbicides and pesticides."

Food safety is only one of many rights and protections liable to fall to this super-weapon of international corporate control. In an April 2013 interview on The Real News Network, Kevin Zeese called the TPP “NAFTA on steroids” and “a global corporate coup.” He warned:

"No matter what issue you care about—whether its wages, jobs, protecting the environment... this issue is going to adversely affect it.... If a country takes a step to try to regulate the financial industry or set up a public bank to represent the public interest, it can be sued."

Return to Nature: Not Too Late

There is a safer, saner, more earth-friendly way to feed nations. While Monsanto and U.S. regulators are forcing GM crops on American families, Russian families are showing what can be done with permaculture methods on simple garden plots.

In 2011, 40% of Russia’s food was grown on dachas (cottage gardens or allotments). Dacha gardens produced over 80% of the country’s fruit and berries, over 66% of the vegetables, almost 80% of the potatoes and nearly 50% of the nation’s milk, much of it consumed raw. According to Vladimir Megre, author of the best-selling Ringing Cedars Series:

"Essentially, what Russian gardeners do is demonstrate that gardeners can feed the world – and you do not need any GMOs, industrial farms, or any other technological gimmicks to guarantee everybody’s got enough food to eat. Bear in mind that Russia only has 110 days of growing season per year – so in the U.S., for example, gardeners’ output could be substantially greater. Today, however, the area taken up by lawns in the U.S. is two times greater than that of Russia’s gardens – and it produces nothing but a multi-billion-dollar lawn care industry."

In the U.S., only about 0.6 percent of the total agricultural area is devoted to organic farming. This area needs to be vastly expanded if we are to avoid “the sixth mass extinction.” But first, we need to urge our representatives to stop Fast Track, vote no on the TPP, and pursue a global phase-out of glyphosate-based herbicides and GMO foods. Our health, our finances and our environment are at stake.


Ellen Brown is an attorney, president of the Public Banking Institute and the author of twelve books, including the best-selling Web of Debt. In The Public Bank Solution, her latest book, she explores successful public banking models historically and globally. Her blog articles are at EllenBrown.com.

Dried Mandarin Orange Peel




Just tossing some peel grounds into your tea or even coffee is a likely winner.  What this does for us is allow us to transform a clear waste into something at least somewhat useful and consistent. 
Since we all end up with a lot of peels, it seems unlikely that this will solve the problem.

At least the thought is there and with a lot of folks trying, we will end up with food solutions to reward ourselves.

The grounds themselves remain palatable also even after been steeped.  I also suspect that the fresh grounds will work well if we candy them.  The strong essence of orange oil naturally flavors and blends with other flavors well.


How To Dry And Use Mandarin Orange Peels

December 7, 2011 by Erica 

I’ll happily throw all my locavore principles under a bus to get at a box of mandarin oranges. Maybe it’s nostalgia. Growing up, Christmas-time meant a box printed with exotic looking Chinese characters, and filled with loose-skinned, paper-wrapped oranges that were sweeter and juicier than any occidental citrus could be.


So when mandarin season rolls around, I can’t say no. We brought a 5-pound box into the house yesterday and have less than a pound left now. Obviously, I’m not the only one who likes these little oranges.


All that mandarin eating adds up to a lot of peels. Luckily, you can do a lot with the peels to get some extra milage from your purchase. As you would expect, pesticide, herbicide and fungicide residues are highest on the peel of oranges, so try to go organic and wash your fruit.


To keep enjoying that mandarin flavor for months, I dry the peels. Peel off any stickers, scrape away any excess white pith from the peel – with thin-skinned mandarins I don’t bother – and lay the peels in a single layer on a cooling rack. Let them dry for several days. If you live someplace extra humid (ahem, Seattle) you can throw the peels into a dehydrator or toss them into a very low oven. When the peels are shatteringly crisp, they’re done!


Once dry, the peels can be kept in hunks or ground. Grind batches of dried peels in a food processor– I can’t imagine any other way to get the job done – and be prepared for a bit of noise. Larger pieces can be added directly to braises, soups or broths, or dropped into the cooking liquid for rice, beans or other grains. Used judiciously they add a nice background flavor without overpowering.


Orange pairs well with many herbs. Rosemary is a fantastic flavor-companion, and any cooking situation in which you’d add rosemary you can probably throw a little dried mandarin peel in as well.

Orange-rosemary braised lamb shanks are fantastic in the dark days of winter, a loaf of whole wheat rosemary-orange no-knead bread would be killer, or whip up an orange-rosemary spice rub to enhance just about anything – game, poultry, pork, mushrooms, sweet potatoes or squash would all be excellent flavored this way.



 Want more proof as to the versatility of a good mandarin spice rub? No problem:

Sockeye Salmon with Rosemary-Mandarin Orange Spice Rub

When you add fish to a hot pan, press gently to ensure the entire surface of the fish gets nicely caramelized.

Flip once (only once!) and finish cooking skin-side down.

Served here with chanterelles, cooked in the same pan and also seasoned with Rosemary-Mandarin Orange Spice Rub.
Fennel is another good match for orange, and a fennel-mandarin rub would give you a fantastic flavoring for white fish, tuna, shellfish, salmon, pork, chicken or pretty much anything involving tomatoes. Seafood stew with tomato, fennel and orange? Oh, be still my beating heart.

Rosemary-Mandarin Orange Spice Rub (Psst…in a cute jar, this would make a great Christmas gift!)

This is just like the rosemary salt from back in March, but with mandarin peel. To make a fennel rub, just substitute 1/4 cup sweet fennel seeds for the rosemary. Chefs are into iteration. We love adaptable!

§  2, 5″ long sprigs fresh or dried rosemary, stripped from the stem
§  3-4 large pieces dried mandarin orange peel
§  1/4 cup kosher or coarse sea salt (it will be fine ground by the time you are through with it)
§  1-2 tbsp. whole black peppercorns, to taste

Combine all ingredients in a mini-food processorCuisinart, etc. I use the chopper attachment to my stick blender. Blend until the orange peel, rosemary and peppercorns are chopped into itty bitty pieces.
Just throw it all in there. It’ll be fine.

Still way too chunky, but maybe nice for a potpourri?

Perfect! Use for sprinkling on anything that needs fantastic flavor.

If you want to go sweet instead of savory, ground peel can be added to baked goods like cakesbiscotti or orange cheesecake. If a recipe calls for fresh peel, just use 1/4 – 1/2 the quantity of dried peel, depending on how orangey you like things.

As long as you’re making biscotti, you might as well drop a piece of peel into your favorite tea - now you’ve got the orange version. A cup of Mandarin Earl Grey and a chocolate mandarin biscotti? If you can get the kids to leave you alone for ten minutes, that’s a mini vacation in a cup and on a saucer.

If you get your hands on some of those thicker-skinned mandarins instead of the ultra-thin skinned varieties that seem more common now, and if you’re feeling really festive, you could candy the peels instead of drying them. If you do that, you’re just a few steps away from a totally homemade fruitcake!

Endless options – what do you do with your citrus peels?