Essentially a so called black hole is
spinning at relativistic speed around its axis allowing the axis to act as the
ejection points and the likely real two points at which the event horizon is
actually working and converting matter into photonic energy. Incoming material is also likely drawn toward
these super poles and become accelerated by the photonic energy.
In addition, the photonic energy will also
decay to form elemental particles as well.
All this produces powerful jets in smaller black holes with high spin to
say nothing of plenty of light.
In the meantime recall that the nickel and
iron content is trace and little else is clearly indicated or it might have
been mentioned. This suggests the end
products of intense fusion reactions and any higher fission possibilities.
Scientists find black hole spewing iron,
nickel in powerful jets
By Deborah Netburn
November 13, 2013, 6:45 p.m.
Has
a black hole mystery just been solved?
Writing
in the journal Nature, a team of scientists said it found traces of nickel and iron in the powerful jets shooting out
of black hole candidate 4U 1630-47, a small black hole just a few
times the mass of our sun. It may help solve a scientific puzzle that has
lingered for decades.
Astronomers
have known for years that hyper-dense black holes shoot matter into the
universe in high-speed streams known as relativistic jets. However, nobody knew
exactly what type of material the jets were spewing.
"It
was one of the unsolved questions about relativistic jets produced in the
vicinity of black holes," said Avi Loeb, chair of the department of
astronomy at Harvard
University, who was not involved with the study.
"What is their composition?"
Everyone
was in agreement that the jets would contain electrons, which have a negative
charge. But the jets did not have a negative charge overall. That suggested
there was something else in there with a positive charge that canceled it out.
In
addition, some models of the jets suggested they were shooting lightweight
electrons and positrons away from the black hole and into the universe. Others
thought the jets were made of much heavier normal matter.
"Until
now, it wasn't clear whether the positive charge came from positrons, the
antimatter 'opposite' of electrons, or positively charged atoms," study
coauthor James Miller-Jones of the International Center for Radio Astronomy
Research said in a statement. "Since our results found nickel and iron in
these jets, we now know that ordinary matter must be providing the positive
charge."
Because
it takes a lot more energy to move normal matter than it would to move the
lightweight electrons and positrons, the authors suggests that the
high-speed jets are carrying more energy away from the black hole than was
previously known.
The
study also sheds light on another scientific debate - exactly where the jets
emerge from. It has been unclear whether the jets are caused by the spin of the
rotating black hole, or if they originate from the disk of matter that
surrounds the black hole.
"Our
results suggest it's more likely the disk is responsible for channeling the
matter into the jets, and we are planning further observations to try and
confirm this," Miller-Jones said in the statement.
To
come to these conclusions, the researchers looked at both radio waves and X-rays that
were emitted by black hole 4U 1630-47.
The
first time they looked, the radio wave spectrum suggested the jets were not on,
and the X-ray spectrum did not reveal anything unusual.
"The
jets are not always on," Miller-Jones told the Los Angeles Times. "It
depends a little bit on how fast the black hole is feeding."
But
the second time the team looked, the radio waves seemed to indicate the jets
were on. At the same time, the X-ray spectrum picked up the characteristic
signature of iron and nickel that was off just a bit.
The
scientists believe the signatures were slightly skewed because of a
Doppler-like effect in space.
"Just
like a sound wave gets higher as it moves toward you and lower as it moves away
from you, we saw the same effect," Miller-Jones said. "The energy was
shifted a little bit to higher energies when it was moving toward us, and lower
when it was moving away from us."
One
especially cool result of this effect is that it allowed the researchers to
determine how fast the material in the jets were moving. Their finding? A
whopping 123,000 miles per second, or about 66% of the speed of light.
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