This tells us that LENR is slowly but surely entering mainstream physics. Excellent work here and again we see an improved understanding. Other projects claim to be much further along that this group but no matter.
What matters is dozens of groups sharing knowledge and advances. It is never easy and this one has been as hard as they come. We are locking up deuterium in crystalline structures and inducing close contact. That us actually a pretty hard way to go about it.
However for science mavens, let me present one key element. The coulomb barrier is a mathematical construct and assumes orthogonal continuity which ladies is rubbish. What actually produces the effect of orthogonal continuity is fast motion or vibrations between any two ions. Freeze one and things improve immensely. Slow the other down and reactions may well become possible along a lucky AXIS.
My Cloud Cosmology has no difficulty accounting for this phenomena.
LENR in Norway
https://www.lenr-forum.com/forum/news/index.php/News/123-Aftenposten-Norway-Is-this-LENR-the-solution-to-all-our-energy-problems/
In
an industrial building in smoke that no one in the Norwegian public has
heard about, barely enough either in academia, sitting PhD student
Sindre Zeiner-Gundersen bent over a small reactor of thick metal. Even
before the grant research began, he experienced that up to 20 times as
much energy coming out of the reactor as what he put in.
Was it cold fusion he witnessed?Aftenposten wrote last summer about the
research in this field, which is not accepted in science excellent
company. But now the American physicist Association, which until now has
been dismissive, begun to publish works of scientists who believe the
effect is real.
The closest mythical energy cold fusion (also goes under the name LENR
for Low Energy Nuclear Reaction) does reportedly when hydrogen (in the
form of deuterium) is energized in one form or another. Hydrogen atoms
merge with each other and simultaneously releases an enormous amount of
energy.
The energy released is far, far greater than that applied. It's like
fire in the fireplace, really, just that nuclear fusion, emit a million
times more energy than the chemical process of combustion.
Unlike combustion does not cold fusion quickly out of fuel. As with many
other cold fusion researchers have Zeiner-Gundersen long time measured
an energy production that is so high that it is impossible to completely
explain it in that it only takes one or another chemical reaction.
Will change all energy
- The so-called Coloumb barrier between two cores suggests that what we
see here is not possible. That I acknowledge. But I note that it still
happens. Therefore we have focused on finding bugs in our own methods,
through probably 1,000 days of tests. The result varies, but we note
still that the reaction takes place. I'm guessing that within three
years, thinking completely differently about energy than today. Perhaps
5-10 years we see this used in aerospace, for the propulsion of
vehicles, boats and aircraft, think Sindre Zeiner-Gundersen.
Researchers who have been doing this for decades claims that it will be
possible to create an energy that is so enormously powerful and so cheap
that we will be able to provide enough energy to power a city Hamar in a
year of fusion energy from a glass of water - without harmful radiation
or emission. Such energy would be so strong that it can be economically
far more affordable to pull harmful CO2 back from the atmosphere, or
make saltwater into freshwater. It will simply be the solution to all
our energy problems.
But while thus has more of LENR researchers difficulty getting published
material in reputable scientific journals. They acknowledge as well
that they lack a credible theory behind the experimental results they
get in the lab. Nuclear fusion will in fact not be possible without
massive energy levels that simply can not be produced at any laboratory
table, according to physicists working at CERN.
The results that have come since the summer is still more remarkable and
carries with it a much higher degree of scientific credibility than
before.Meanwhile, the only Norwegian physicist who will comment on the
case that even the new and solid scientific findings published possibly
due to a new energy source.
Impossible to explain which chemical reaction
Sindre Zeiner-Gundersen takes nevertheless a genuine PhD degree at the
so-called Rydbergmaterie (see graphic) at the University of
Iceland.Rydbergmaterie is probably a precursor to cold fusion, according
Zeiner-Gundersen. It also believes his supervisor in Iceland, Svein
Olafsson. He is a professor of solid state nuclear physics and has since
2014 made efforts which also confirms cold fusion. Olafsson, who has
been chairman of the Icelandic physicist Association for several years
and has also done experiments at Isolde laboratory CERN, picks happily
up the phone when Aftenposten rings.
- For me LENR effect an experimental reality. I have studied some of the
500 - 1000 articles published in the field since 1989. We can already
say that we have discovered so enormous energy that this source within
5-10 years will transform all energy. But it will take time before the
world understands it. You could compare it to when Wright brothers first
flew.They flew in 1903. But it was not until 1908 that they broke
through.
People did not believe it before they even saw it. When such a
breakthrough occurs in the public consciousness, there will be enormous
resources to the field.
400 scientists worldwide believe in it
Until now there have been very few and far between academics Olafsson,
who endorses the cold fusion. It is taught in LENR at Massachusetts
Institute of Technology (MIT), but at the start of the course students
are warned that their choice of study might harm their career.
One of the reasons that Olafsson now may speak so cocksure about which
among physicists most perceived as impossible, is that he is not alone
anymore. For example, the physicist Robert Duncan, like the American
physicist association itself pointed out to make an independent
examination of the phenomenon, convinced.
- We are now an informal network of some 400 physicists worldwide who
work with matter and look at cold fusion as real, says Olafsson.
Another reason why he feels confident the research Leif Holmlid. He is
professor emeritus of chemistry at the University of Gothenburg and has a
long career both helped assess potential laureates of the Nobel
Committee, and has published over 200 scientific articles. Unlike LENR
researchers most, the work of both Olafsson and Holmlid published in the
prestigious journals of the American Physical Society, with its 50,000
members is the largest organization physicist. There will be no more
"mainstream" than that.
Holmlid would still rather not called LENR researcher or associated with
the concept of cold fusion. He got in autumn published startling
results from the pursuit of a new energy source in one of the journals
of the American Physical Society, AIP Advances. Svein Olafsson
characterizes Holmlid follows:
- Until now, cold fusion research groped blindly, because we have not
had any credible theory about what's going on. But with Holmlid work we
have a path that we can start walking. I would not be surprised if
Holmlid ends with getting the Nobel Prize for what he now found out,
says Olafsson.
Impossible according to the current laws of physics
There are several things that make disregard for cold fusion is
naturally among physicists in general. Fundamental physical laws dictate
namely two things: One is that any merger process must emit radiation,
and the second is that the so-called Coloumb barrier must be exceeded to
initiate fusion.
Coloumb barrier is a nuclear pushing nuclei apart. Traditional theory
suggests that one must up the energy levels of millions of degrees to
start a process that will nuclei to collide, merge and release large
amounts of energy through fusion.
Cold fusion researchers have for years claimed that they can initiate a
merger process with some equipment on a desk. This has the established
scientific community refused to accept since 1989. When declared namely
the American Physical Society by a show of hands at a press conference
that cold fusion could not have taken place since it was measured
neutrons, only four weeks after the news of a new energy source had gone
worldwide.
The physicists then knew nothing about, the extreme fabric ultra dense
deuterium, which Holmlid later detected. This drug is admittedly not
experimentally fully verified.
According Holmlid has nevertheless a local density which makes it weighs
mind-boggling 130 tons per. liter. If you had a milk carton with ultra
dense deuterium in the refrigerator, would carton turned hole through
your house immediately.
The substance is 1,000 times denser than solar core. The quantities used
in the experiments are fortunately only ultra thin flakes and is
therefore not dangerous heavy. This material contains the secret that
makes cold fusion is possible, according Holmlid.
- I think it's ultra dense deuterium that can explain all the results from experiments with cold fusion, he said.
It is worth noting that virtually all LENR experiments using just
deuterium, which in different ways are packed as closely as possible
into a metal and then energized.
The tests vary from time to time
In ultra dense deuterium is the core particles according Holmlid theory
so dense that Coloumb barrier is no longer an insurmountable obstacle.
With just a little extra energy begins nuclei to fuse and emit extremely
high energy.
This theory may also explain why it is so difficult to repeat LENR
experiments with similar results. The tests can be namely like to
repeat, and it is published over 100 such repetitions since 1989, but
the amount of energy that comes out is highly variable from time to
time.
The reason is, according Holmlid the merger takes place in the
microscopic fracture zones within the solid metal substances deuterium
loaded in. Since it is impossible to create the interior of a metal
sample 100 percent identical from time to time, it may become violent
fluctuations in the effect of attempts to experiments, depending on
exactly how the metal is composed.
When Holmlid initiated the process of laser pulse on ultra dense
deuterium came always one or other form of energetic particles
(radiation) out. But what kind? The researchers looked and looked for
different types with different detectors. After much ado, they found
eventually that laser pulse of ultra dense matter emits so-called muons,
contrary to assumptions.
Olafsson is accepted to give a talk about the experiment for just the American Physical Society in April.
One of the "problems" with both Holmlid attempts and cold fusion
research is that experiments only produce very little radiation. It's no
wonder that physicists most do not believe that it can proceed fusion
at room temperature, because all fusion according to the laws of nature
MUST produce radioactive radiation. Another article by Holmlid and
Olafsson found that even with no laser pulse arises a weak radiation
similar to that detected in the second cold fusion experiments. Olafsson
think that ultra dense deuterium may have two different methods to
conduct a nuclear process.
Revives research from the 50s
The interesting thing with the discovery of muons is that this is
extremely coveted and rare particles. They can be used to conduct
so-called muon-catalyzed fusion, which was discovered already in the
'50s. The method has never received special attention because muons are
far too costly to produce.
Now therefore Holmlid discovered a rich source of the extremely coveted
particles. The next step now is to use them to drive a fusion reactor.
This he has already signed a contract with the so-called incubator at
the University of Gothenburg to realize industrially.
The idea is to replace the dirty boiler in existing coal power plants
with a pure fusion reactor, which is also much cheaper to operate
because it almost does not need fuel. Already from the beginning there
will be more economical with such a merger than to burn coal, think
Holmlid. He believes that all the necessary scientific findings are now
done. The professor think we already 2-3 years could see a completely
finished, new energy ready to full-scale commercialization.
Unfortunately emits myonkatalysert merger also pretty much
radiation.Next steps Holmlid will be to achieve myonindusertfusjon,
which almost will not emit radiation. Muons are so weak that they are
stopped by a few centimeters of concrete or steel. In addition muon
negatively charged. That means they can be used to produce electricity
directly, without producing steam first.
How about a fusion power plant in the basement?
Holmlid envisions that by mass should be able to build small fusion
power the size of a small refrigerator. Such home power plants could
produce 15 kilowatts. This is about what you need to keep your home with
electricity.The device need not be greater than it can be placed under
the hood of an electric car instead of batteries. The price, according
Holmlid get depends on laser technology chosen, but probably will be at
some ten thousand crowns. Regardless this will be quickly recover your
investment for someone who has a house, which typically have 20,000
kroner in annual elutgifter.
To cover a small country's energy consumption in a year, estimates
Holmlid that there will be enough with about 100 kg deuterium. 100 kg of
deuterium costs at current rates no more than 700,000 crowns. No good
news for a country that lives off oil. But for the world as a whole
would something like that be an absolutely insane energy revolution.
The big question then becomes: Is this too good to be true? Holmlid has
published the findings publicly, and the basic process he can therefore
not take a patent on anymore. He has the right, the world is just in
front of a solution to the whole problem of climate change, which many
consider to be humanity's greatest problem. When something sounds to be
too good to be true, it is what often.
- Ultra Dense deuterium is not experimentally proven fully and there is
no scientific groups who have tried to repeat your experiments?
- Unfortunately, the biggest problem in this field lack of interest. I
will help anyone who will try to replicate what I've done. Unfortunately
it is not so very easy. But I hope someone tries. It would make
everything much easier for me.
Wanted King
The findings of Holmlid and Olafsson, and also earlier findings on cold
fusion field, is seen as credible among mainstream physicists. Physics
Professor Dieter Röhrich at the University of Bergen has seen some of
Svein Olafsson and Leif Holmlid latest publications for Aftenposten and
also had a two-hour videoconference with them to clear up any
confusion.Nevertheless, he is still very critical.
He acknowledges that any radiation from the experiments would be a sensational discovery, but is far from convinced.
- Many claim that they have discovered radiation are presented in the
articles, but no irrefutable evidence presented. To measure an unknown
radiation source is complicated, and I do not see that they have managed
to do it, he says.
- But the material is the accepted by the prestigious American Physical Society and was peer reviewed by them?
- Peers are not infallible, and they can not - and should not - check
everything. It does not have to be about a scam that I mean either. Most
likely, the results caused by wishful thinking. It's easy to get caught
in their own world and not see the mistakes you make. That is why we in
CERN has several experiments that largely does the same. A minimum is
that experiments must be so nondescript that they can be repeated. But I
do not even understand what they want to measure - muons, electrons,
gamma radiation or neutrons, says Röhrich. He acknowledges
myonkatalysert fusion is possible, but notes that the muon lifetime is
so short that the technology is unlikely to make practical application.
Yet he is not entirely dismissive to further explore the findings.
Svein Olafsson has been watching criticism from Röhrich.
- I understand actually criticism from Röhrich well. We had a good
discussion, and I agree that probably 95 percent of everything that has
been done within the cold fusion field is experimental error. Most have
only using luck managed to produce energy. But the last 5 percent is
scientifically published. Röhrich do not know cold fusion literature and
have not had time to go through all these experiments. Therefore he
shows a healthy skepticism which I respect, says Olafsson.
New battle for heavy water
Svein Holmlid chemist and nuclear is not his specialty. Olafsson, who is
a physicist, points out however that Holmlid is at home because his
first discovery in 2008 was done with standard experimental methods of
physical chemistry, and had nothing with nuclear making.
- Holmlid experiments are structured so that any minimal sign of
radioactivity is a simple, beautiful, strong and irrefutable evidence
that get immediate consequences for the mystery cold fusion. Such fusion
is observed in over 100 published articles since 1989. But
radioactivity can be turn on and off in a controlled manner, is not
possible by any known theory, he says.
He points out that he does not claim to have resolved the matter and found the answer.
- But we claim that we have found requires explanation. In order to
progress, we need lots of additional research and help from other
groups.Three scientists can not do this job alone, emphasizes Sveinn
Olafsson.
Various groups arguing thus the reality. Where does oil nation Norway up
in this? It may be worth recalling that the more popular name of
deuterium is heavy water. Are we seeing a new battle for heavy water?
Let's head back to smoke, there's father Sindre Zeiner-Gundersen
watching her son's PhD degree. M.Sc. Day Zeiner-Gundersen has even two
doctorates, is chairman of small Norse AS and sets with the money and
the laboratory that makes it possible for his son to carry out research
funded by industry. Today has followed the LENR field since 2001.
Sindres father Day Zeiner-Gundersen has even two doctorates and has been
anxiously engaged in cold fusion for many years already.
Borgen, Eagle
- Norse AS've seen enough that we now know that LENR gives a real
effect. But one should be very careful with quick conclusions since
possible sources of error are numerous.There is surprisingly little LENR
research in Norway, a discipline that several players around the world
are researching. Very much of the research we are doing in this country
has a little too much with a "snuggle research." Maybe petroleum crisis
will get Norway to wake? We certainly can not continue as we have done.
At 50 years, we have people contaminated as much as throughout human
history. Future challenges in energy must be resolved by examining
several options, including the controversial, says Dag Zeiner-Gundersen.
Are you interested in this technology can save the world father
disaster?Aftenposten has written several cases concerning various
aspects of cold fusion:
...
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