Why do we not declare an immediate medical emergency in such circumstances? In the case cited, i do observe that no one else succumbed to the infection. So far so good. That means we got lucky.
In Canada we have had a SARS scare that was completely real and took extraordinary effort to properly contain with several victims recorded in the process. We have also run across flesh eating disease as well that demands special care.
It cannot be much different elsewhere and what this outlines is a culture of not telling at all except long after it may or may not be suppressed. thus bad news is always potentially around the corner and what will go public will already be established.
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The CDC Is Just Telling Us About This Horrifying Lab Accident a YEAR Later
By Sandra D. Lane
In December 2018, a lab technician was injecting a mouse with the Vaccinia Virus (VACV) when she accidentally stuck her own finger with the needle. According to the CDC’s case report, she immediately rinsed her finger with water for 15 minutes, notified her supervisors, then went to the emergency room.
Between days 2 and 9 post-infection, the patient was evaluated by two community physicians; neither advised her to observe contact precautions to prevent auto-inoculation or secondary transmission. (source)
It should probably be pointed out that this happened almost a year ago and yet this was just published by the CDC on October 25, 2019, in the CDC’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR).
Secondly, the Vaccinia Virus is contagious – it can be spread through physical contact,
and yet the technician was not told to observe “contact precautions”,
at least by the community physicians. While it is known that the tech’s
recovery took approximately 4 months, the focus of the published report
(as indicated in the title itself) was of the “novel treatment” that was
performed. Folks, these facts ought to make you a bit nervous.
Ten days after the infection the technician was evaluated at an
occupational health clinic where the treating physician contacted the
CDC, which advised monitoring her for evidence of worsening infection.
Twelve days post-infection she was treated at a university-based ER
for a fever, a general feeling of illness, pain, and worsening swelling
of her finger. This means she was seen at two different facilities, and
by at least three different doctors, possibly without taking precautions
to prevent others from getting infected. I say ‘possibly’ because while
she wasn’t told to by supervisors, she may have taken precautions on
her own. We can only hope.
The threat of Poxviruses
Contagious, often deadly, and naturally occurring (meaning it exists
in nature), smallpox was considered eradicated around the globe by 1980.
With the exception, of course, of the two labs that currently hold
samples of the smallpox virus for research – although the one in Russia
did have an explosion
in September of this year. That being said, I sometimes wonder how long
it will be before tight-lipped Russian authorities speak up if any
smallpox was leaked out… But that’s just my opinion.
According to the National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health,
smallpox is caused by an agent referred to as the variola virus, also
known as VARV, and strictly affects humans.
Most researchers agree that
the first reliable descriptions of smallpox were found in ancient Indian
medical treatises that had been compiled by the 1st–4th centuries. It
wasn’t until 1796 that a vaccine was created by a man named Edward
Jenner who had observed that milkmaids who previously had caught cowpox did not catch smallpox. While it’s not the exact same vaccine we have today, according to the World Health Organization there is a physical stockpile of smallpox vaccines held at various locations around the world – just in case.
At this point, I have to say ‘Hold on – not so fast there’. Smallpox
is but one virus from the Pox family, known as Poxviruses (members of
the Poxviridae family). Smallpox may be eradicated, but what
about the others? Let me say, for clarity if nothing else, I’m not an
epidemiologist. I have never done laboratory research on anything more
than the odd creature in high school biology. But what I’ve read makes
me nervous.
VACV is supposedly a very mild poxvirus and is used today as a live vaccine for other poxviruses like smallpox, and for experimental testing for cancer cures.
As pointed out earlier, Vaccinia is used for vaccines and
vaccinations and is also Poxvirus. And there are a lot of poxviruses;
just go here
and click on any of the little + beside each one to see the genus. If
you click on Orthopoxviruses, you’ll see both the Variola Virus
(Smallpox) and the Vaccinia Virus (Smallpox Vaccine).
The Monkeypox virus
Included in the poxviruses is Monkeypox. The monkeypox virus is rare
but belongs in the same genus as both vaccinia and smallpox. Despite the
rarity, in 2003 there was an outbreak of monkeypox in the United States, and it was the first time human monkeypox was reported outside of Africa.
It was determined that a shipment of animals from Ghana
imported to Texas on April 9, 2003, introduced the monkeypox virus to
the US and there were 37 confirmed cases, with 18 of them in Wisconsin.
It was transmitted to humans via infected prairie dogs purchased as
pets. In this outbreak, the CDC, USDA, FDA, and other agencies assisted
in containing the outbreak and many were advised to get the smallpox
vaccination. For those infected, however, there is currently no proven
safe treatment for the monkeypox virus infection. (If you recall, a
virus usually must run its course – antibiotics only work on bacterial
infections.) For purposes of controlling it, however, antivirals can be
used.
The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases,
in April of 2010, stated that Brazil had experienced numerous outbreaks
related to the vaccinia virus since 1960 by several research groups in
differing regions:
Episodes of Vaccinia virus infection in people who work at research laboratories have already been reported by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), contributing to increase the number of infection cases. The virus infection has occurred both in individuals previously vaccinated in childhood, and in people never vaccinated before. Transmission usually occurs through accidental inoculation of vaccinia virus through lesions in fingers and eyes, or through auto-inoculation. (source)
The journal entry goes on to say that in addition to laboratory
infection, cases of person-to-person contamination have also been
reported. Those cases are closely related to the vaccination of
militaries against the smallpox virus. Some of those cases of infection
were possibly transmitted through sexual contact between military
members and non-military members. One case was reported in a pregnant
woman that was bitten by a dog previously vaccinated against rabies, and
many vaccinia virus infections in Brazil can be characterized as
zoonotic infections as they occur in human beings who work directly with
cattle.
What are the signs and symptoms of Poxvirus infection?
The symptoms can vary depending on the genus, but the CDC lists the following:
- Fever
- Headache
- Muscle aches
- Backache
- Swollen Lymph nodes
- Chills
- Exhaustion
Within 1-3 days a rash usually appears, and the whole infection can
last a month easily. Thankfully there are ways we can help prevent a
poxvirus infection.
- Avoid contact with animals that could have the virus or are sick.
- Avoid contact with any bedding or other such materials that have been in contact with a sick animal.
- Isolate infected patients from others who could be at risk for infection.
- Wash your hands and arms thoroughly with soap after contact with infected animals or humans, and consider using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. (Remember that any hand sanitizer does not take the place of good old soap and water.)
- Try to use personal protective equipment in the form of masks, gloves, and overclothes when caring for someone who is infected.
Are you prepared for an outbreak?
In the future, we may never have to worry about poxviruses. I, for
one, hope that’s the case, but it’s certainly worth it to be prepared in
case we do.
It frightens me how much goes on in laboratories and research
facilities that we simply don’t know about, and while doing research for
this article I realized just how much I don’t know about the world of
viruses; and just how easily one can cross over to us humans.
For more information on viruses, bacteria, and even preparing for a possible pandemic, I recommend reading the following:
- Prepping For A Pandemic by Cat Ellis
- Are You Prepped For A Pandemic? by Daisy Luther
- There Seems To Be Growing Concern About Biological Attacks by Daisy Luther
What are your thoughts on this?
Would you rather know at the time or after the fact? How much do you
think is being hidden from us about this type of research? Share what
you think in the comments.
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