Then start applying CPR. Let yourself settle into a rhythm for the first couple of minutes. You actually have a five minute window here before it becomes wise to blow air into the lung every half minute. Then keep it up.
For the record, I effectively died from a heart attack in 2005. This was long before anyone understood how to do all this properly. I was at a friend's place helping him master options. He had just finished extensive medical training that included CPR and did what i just described. My heart was not started for 20 minutes with two shots with the defibrillator rushed to my side. The heart itself was weakened to borderline failure level at 30% EF but has since hugely recovered to a quite satisfactory 50% EF where typical is around 60%.
The good news is that survival rates have now risen from close to that Chinese 1% to a far better 45%.
CPR
January 07, 2019
A real life-saver
https://qz.com/
Knowing how to perform CPR is like having insurance—no one wants
to have to use it, but having it when you need it could make all the
difference. The simple technique we call cardiopulmonary resuscitation
has saved countless lives, and it’s one of the few medical interventions
anyone can learn to do.
Its most basic technique, chest
compression, requires virtually no training (though training is
certainly a good idea); the more sophisticated version, which includes
mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, can be learned in a workshop. And
defibrillation is becoming more common as light, easy-to-use automatic
external defibrillators are required in more and more public places.
Because it’s so simple, the basic techniques have been floating around for hundreds of years, even millennia—but it took a lot of coordination, and an accidental discovery, to put them all together into what we now recognize as CPR. Press on to learn more.
Because it’s so simple, the basic techniques have been floating around for hundreds of years, even millennia—but it took a lot of coordination, and an accidental discovery, to put them all together into what we now recognize as CPR. Press on to learn more.
Ready to go deeper?
We’re tired of all the shouting
matches and echo chambers on social media, and thought you might be,
too. On the new Quartz app, we’ve gathered a community of curious
thinkers and doers to have high-quality discussions about the most
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like Richard Branson, Punit Renjen, Arianna Huffington, and many more.
Now available for iOS and Android.
By the digits
54%: Proportion of Americans who say they know how to perform CPR, according to a 2017 survey
11%: Proportion who know the correct rhythm for chest compressions89%: Proportion of Norwegian students trained in CPR
27%: Proportion of Chinese students trained in CPR
<1 b=""> <1 b=""> Proportion of Chinese sufferers of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests who survive
2: Minutes within which a rescuer has to start CPR to protect a person’s brain from injury
5: Minutes that compression-only CPR is effective without rescue breaths
$1,275: Cost of the best-selling automatic external defibrillator on Amazon
45%: Proportion of cardiac arrest sufferers who survive after receiving bystander CPR
70%: Proportion of people who survive after getting CPR on the shows Gray’s Anatomy and House
Annie, Are You OK?
CPR: A quick how-to
Say a person collapses in front of you on the street. It looks like they had a heart attack. What do you do?
If you are
trained, there’s more you can do, like tilting the person’s head back to
open up the airway and giving two mouth-to-mouth breaths for every 30
chest compressions. But if you’re not sure, best not to risk it. Get the
full training by taking a workshop.
Explain it like I'm 5!
What does performing CPR actually do?
It’s simple: you’re acting as the person’s heart,
which is why the tempo is so important. The chest compression pushes
blood out of the heart until it restarts or can be restarted with a
defibrillator.
When a person is having a seizure
When a person is having a drug overdose
When a person is having a stroke
Brief history
1740: The Paris Academy of Sciences recommends mouth-to-mouth for people who are drowning.
1904:
Cleveland-based doctor George Crile resuscitates the first human by
compressing the chest outside the body (previous experiments had been
done on cats and dogs).1930s: Electrical companies fund defibrillation research to treat victims of electrocution.
1956: American physician James Elam and Austrian-Czech physician Peter Safar share a ride between Kansas City and Baltimore and debate whether mouth-to-mouth helps unresponsive victims. The two collaborate on experiments to develop what we know today as CPR.
1965: Irish cardiologist Frank Pantridge builds the first portable defibrillator; powered by car batteries, it weighs 70 kg (150 pounds).
1997: Florida passes a broad public access law for automatic external defibrillators; by 2001, all 50 US states have such a law.
How CPR was resuscitated
The
basis for CPR techniques has been around for awhile, but it took a long
time to embrace its most basic form: external compression of the heart.
Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is described in accounts of medieval midwifery and (arguably) in the Old Testament. The practice of judo includes resuscitation skills that resemble CPR techniques.
External compression was first tested on cats in 1878
before the first successful experiment on humans at the beginning of
the 20th century. The proper rhythm was discovered in the 19th century,
and closed-chest compression was used in Germany until World War I. But
the research was not systematic, and manual, open-chest
compression—literally squeezing the heart by hand—won out. (One author even suggests that anti-German sentiment contributed to external compression’s disuse.)
Paradoxically,
the sophisticated method of electric defibrillation led to the
rediscovery of simple external compression. In 1958, William
Kouwenhoven, an electrical engineer at Johns Hopkins University and a
pioneer of defibrillation, was testing a defibrillator with a particularly heavy set of paddles,
and noticed that just placing them on a dog’s chest caused its blood
pressure to jump. Rhythmic pushing sustained a pulse. A series of
experiments finally proved its efficacy.
Person of interest
The girl in the Seine
For decades, first responders practiced CPR on Resusci Anne,
a manikin designed by a Norwegian toymaker, Asmund Laerdal. He wanted
it to have an unintimidating look, so he modeled it on a peaceful mask
of a young girl’s face he remembered from his grandparents’ house.
It was an eerie but appropriate choice. The mask was L’Inconnue de la Seine,
“the unknown of the Seine,” a death mask of a young woman who drowned
in Paris near the end of the 19th century. No one knows exactly why it
was made or how it got out of the morgue, but how it got to Laerdal’s
grandparents’ house is less mysterious: that particular death mask quickly became an in-demand design piece and European cultural icon, capturing the imagination of artists and writers like Man Ray, Rainer Maria Rilke, and Vladimir Nabokov. (The masks are still for sale by a 148-year-old French plaster workshop, L’Atelier Lorenzi, for $130 or $175 with a glaze.)
Fun fact!
CPR training in the 1970s started with calling “Annie … are you okay?” The “Annie,” referring to the doll, was eventually phased out—but not before the phrase inspired the lyrics to Michael Jackson’s “Smooth Criminal.”
Push(back), hard and fast
The damage done by CPR
There’s no question that CPR saves lives. But there’s a growing awareness that it can cause damage, too. Some people who receive CPR get their ribs broken in the process.
But if a patient is older, with other health problems such as cancer, the prospect of a few weeks in the intensive care unit might sound more painful than just letting the cardiac arrest run its course. This is part of the reason why so many doctors have Do Not Resuscitate orders, Abella says. “This has less to do with side effects of CPR and more to do with the bigger picture: if one is so sick that one needs CPR, is this something you’d even want done?” Abella says.
Still, if you’re in a moment where someone needs CPR, it’s always better to err on the side of life, Abella notes.
Listen up
A New York hospital created a playlist
of songs with a tempo of 100 to 120 beats per minute—the best speed for
chest compressions during CPR, according to the American Heart
Association (that tempo is also pretty good for dancing).
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