Our own work establishes that for at least one to two thousand years, that Mediterranean peoples traded into the Mississippi Basin. That pretty well creates a natural source of such DNA before the tribes mentioned had such an identity or had written it down. It all happened under the Atlantean trade and palace dispensation that was smashed in 1159BC. That event date may even have triggered the Exodus.
Thus
the DNA and language groups and clans were all well in place early
on, well before it has been imagined.
As
well, the Ojibwe and the Cherokee are the two tribes that I have
already identified as most prospective for carrying Atlantean
genetics. The others I consider less so but still with traces. A
millennia of trade demands this type of mutual alliances that lead to
heavy intermarriage.
The
propagation of corn culture was also contemporaneous and it is a
surety that that came out of Mexico with this trade.
The
key trade though was in the form of copper and corn did not leap the
Atlantic. Recall fleet marshaling took place of Bimini to run with
the current and winds outside of the hurricane season to make Ireland
safely. Seed transport may just have been too tricky and the end
customers uninterested.
Geneticist Traces Mysterious Origins of Native Americans to Middle East, Ancient Greece
The
universe is full of mysteries that challenge our current knowledge.
In "Beyond Science" Epoch Times collects stories about
these strange phenomena to stimulate the imagination and open up
previously undreamed of possibilities. Are they true? You decide.
The
idea that Native Americans are descended from ancient Jews,
Egyptians, or Greeks has been a controversial one for hundreds of
years. James
Adair, an 18th century settler who traded with Native Americans for
40 years, wrote that their language, customs, and social structures
were similar to those of the Israelites.
He
wrote in his book “The
History of the American Indians”:
“It is a very difficult thing to divest ourselves, not to say,
other persons, of prejudices and favourite opinions, and I expect to
be censured by some for opposing commonly received sentiments, or for
meddling with a dispute agitated among the learned ever since the
first discovery of America.”
In
more recent years, similar observations by Dr. Donald Panther-Yates
have even met with what Yates described as “hate mail” from
indigenous studies professors.
It
is commonly held that Native Americans descended from Mongolians. In
2013, a study published in
the journal Nature acknowledged
that some ancient European ancestry is possible. The
DNA from a 24,000-year-old corpse in Siberia was analyzed. It showed
no resemblance to Asian populations, only to European, yet it showed
a clear connection to Native Americans.
But the mainstream scientific community is far from embracing the
theory that Native Americans descended from ancient Middle-Eastern or
Greek peoples as Yates and some others have proposed.
Yates
is of Cherokee descent, he has a Ph.D. in classical studies, and he
founded the genetics research institution DNA Consultants. These
three credentials have given him a unique perspective on Native
American history as it relates to these ancient cultures, and how DNA
testing can support the theoretical link.
Genetic Similarities
Native
Americans are generally thought to fit into five genetic groups,
known as haplotypes, each named by a letter of the alphabet: A,B,C,D,
and X.
Yates demonstrated
in a paper titled
“Anomalous Mitochondrial DNA Lineages in the Cherokee,” what he
calls the fallacy behind many genetic analyses: “[The geneticists
say] ‘Lineage A, B, C, D, and X are American Indian. Therefore, all
American Indians are lineage A, B, C, D, and X.’ The fallacy in
such reasoning is apparent. It could be restated as: ‘All men are
two-legged creatures; therefore since the skeleton we dug up has two
legs, it is human.’ It might be a kangaroo.”
Any
divergence from the expected haplotypes is usually attributed to an
intermingling of races after European colonization, not to the genes
that came with Native Americans from their origin.
[
a rather handy excuse for ignoring data – arclein ]
After
analyzing Cherokee DNA, Yates concluded, “No
such mix could have resulted from post-1492 European gene flow into
the Cherokee Nation.”
“So
where do our non-European, non-Indian-appearing elements come from?”
he asked. “The level of haplogroup
T in the Cherokee (26.9 percent) approximates the percentage for
Egypt (25 percent), one of the only lands where T attains a major
position among the various mitochondrial lineages.”
Yates
focused on haplotype X for “its relative absence in Mongolia and
Siberia and a recently proven center of diffusion in Lebanon and
Israel.”
In
2009, Liran I. Shlush at the Israel Institute of Technology published
a
paper in the journal PLOS ONEstating
that the
X haplotype spread through the world from the Hills of Galilee in
northern Israel and Lebanon.
Yates wrote: “The only other place on earth where X is found at an
elevated level apart from other American Indian groups like
the Ojibwe is among the Druze in
the Hills of Galilee in northern Israel and Lebanon.”
Cultural, Linguistic Similarities
Though
much of the Cherokee culture has been lost, noted Yates in his book
“Cherokee Clans,” what can still be discovered about the
legends hints at ancestors who came across the sea and whose language
was similar to ancient Greek. Some linguistic
parallels have also been drawn between the Native American languages
and Egyptian and Hebrew.
The
Cherokee’s white demigod Maui may have his roots in a Libyan leader
of a fleet dispatched by the pharaoh Ptolemy III before 230 B.C.,
Yates explained. “Maui” is similar to the Egyptian words for
“guide” or “navigator.” Maui was said to have brought all
civilized arts and crafts. He gave the Cherokee their title for
principal chief, Amatoyhi or Moytoy, said Yates, which translates as
“mariner” or “admiral.”
He
recounted a Cherokee Twister Clan legend that named Maui’s father
as Tanoa. Yates said Tanoa may refer to a Greek. “Tanoa was the
father of all fair-haired children and came from a land called Atia,”
he wrote.
Atia
may refer to Attica, a historical region encompassing the Greek
capital, Athens. Atia was said to be a place “full of high
alabaster temples,” one of which “was very spacious, and was
built as a meeting-place for gods and men.” At this place, one
found sporting competitions, games, feasts to the gods, meetings of
great chiefs, and the origin of wars that caused people to spread
over the Pacific.
“One
could hardly invent a more fitting folk memory of Greek culture,”
Yates wrote. “The
Hawaiian word that epitomized this lost world is karioi, ‘leisure,
ease,’ literally the same word in Greek for ‘amusements.’”
Yates notes numerous other linguistic similarities.
“According
to the Keetoowah Society elders, the Cherokee once spoke a non-Indian
language akin to Hopi, but gave it up and adopted Mohawk to continue
to live with the Iroquois. The
‘old tongue’ seems to have many elements of Greek, the language
of Ptolemaic Egypt and ancient Judeans,” he said.
Adair
noted linguistic similarities between Native American languages and
Hebrew.
As
in Hebrew, Native American nouns have neither cases nor declensions,
wrote Adair. Another similarity is the lack of comparative or
superlative degrees. “There is not, perhaps, any one language or
speech, except the Hebrew and the Indian American, which has not a
great many prepositions. The Indians, like the Hebrews, have none in
separate and express words. They are forced to join certain
characters to words, in order to supply that great deficit,” he
wrote.
A Perspective From the Past
Adair
offers a perspective on the culture Yates cannot. Adair interacted
extensively with the Native Americans hundreds of years ago, while
their traditions were still thriving. Of course, the extent to which
he may have misunderstood that culture as an outsider must be taken
into account.
“From
the most exact observations I could make in the long time I traded
among the Indian Americans, I was forced to believe them lineally
descended from the Israelites, either while they were a maritime
power, or soon after the general captivity, the latter however is the
most probable,” Adair wrote.
They
had a similar tribe organization, he said. Their manner of delimiting
time was similar, as was their custom of having a most holy place,
and their designation of prophets and high-priests.
He
gave an example of a similar custom: “Correspondent to the Mosaic
law of women’s purification after travel, the Indian women absent
themselves from their husbands and all public company, for a
considerable time.”
He
explained the absence of circumcision among Native Americans thus:
“The Israelites were but forty years in the wilderness, and would
not have renewed the painful act of circumcision, only that Joshua
inforced it; and by the necessary fatigues and difficulties, to which
as already hinted, the primitive Americans must be exposed at their
first arrival in this vast and extensive wilderness, it is likely
they forbore circumcision, upon the divine principle extended to
their supposed predecessors in the wilderness, of not accepting
sacrifice at the expense of mercy. This might soothe them afterwards
to wholly to reject it as a needless duty, especially if any of the
eastern heathens accompanied them in their travels in quest of
freedom.”
It
seems the Cherokee people have had mixed feelings about Yates’s
work. While the Central
Band of Cherokee website has
posted a summary of Yates’s research, some online comments indicate
that some Cherokee have been reluctant to stand behind such claims or
to involve themselves in the controversy.
In
writing about the Cherokee Paint Clan, Yates stated: “Some of them
practiced Judaism, although United Keetoowah [a Cherokee
organization] elders vehemently deny this.”
That's weird.
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