This
makes a nice narritive but it is unconvincing because so much here is
used that is simply poorly understood to begin with. We understand
that in an instance of time around ten thousand years ago that a two
thousand year old culture decided to vacate a key element in its
lifeway.
They
surely chose to relocate and the bestb explantion is that this site
represented a center for a sucessful hunting culture that made the
switch to husbandry and that this made this particular site
increasingly impractical. The evidence pretty well says as much.
The
odd hybrid nature of the peoles is well noted although no such
evidence is on display here for the neighboring cultures. It is
early days for archeology.
That
such robust suggstive features are here noted a mere ten thousand
yuears ago tells us that continuing hybridization has been sorting
anomalies out of the humane gene pool. It has been much faster and
more thourough than ever guessed.
June
25, 2014
Andrew
Collins,
http://www.wakingtimes.com/2014/06/25/gobekli-tepe-built-2/
Göbekli
Tepe is a name familiar to anyone interested in the ancient mysteries
subject. Billed as the oldest stone temple in the world, it is
composed of a series of megalithic structures containing rings of
beautifully carved T-shaped pillars. It sits on a mountain ridge in
southeast Turkey, just 8 miles (13 kilometers) from the ancient city
of Urfa, close to the traditional site of the Garden of Eden. Here,
for the past ten thousand years, its secrets have remained hidden
beneath an artificial, belly-shaped mound of earth some 330 by 220
yards (300 m by 200 meters) in size. Agriculture and animal husbandry
were barely known when Göbekli Tepe was built, and roaming the
fertile landscape of southwest Asia were, we are told, primitive
hunter-gatherers, whose sole existence revolved around survival on a
day-to-day basis.
So
what is Göbekli Tepe? Who created it, and why? More pressingly, why
did its builders bury their creation at the end of its useful life?
These
are the questions I ask in new book Göbekli Tepe: Genesis of
the Gods, in which I provide compelling evidence that the myths
of the Watchers of the book of Enoch and the Anunnaki of Mesopotamian
myth and legend are memories of the Göbekli builders and their
impact on the rise of civilization. I
believe also that Göbekli Tepe was constructed by a hunter-gatherer
population still in fear following a devastating cataclysm that
nearly destroyed the world – a
comet impact that science today recognizes as having taken place
around 12,900 years ago, with terrifying
aftershocks that lasted for several hundred years afterward.
[
I was the first to this precisely espouse this conjecture in 2007
and Andrew has now used it exactly. I also know that he has read my
material – arclein ]
Human
Hybrids
Yet
it seems unlikely that those who came up with a plan to counter the
innate fear of another cataclysm (something that visionary and writer
Barbara Hand Clow so aptly calls catastrophobia) were the indigenous
population. This appears to have been orchestrated by members of an
incoming culture, composed of groups of shamans, warriors, hunters
and stone tool specialists of immense power and charisma. Their
territories, across which they traded different forms of flint, as
well ashematite used as red ochre, stretched from the Carpathians
Mountains in the west to the Russian steppes and plain in the east.
More incredibly,
anatomical evidence points to them being of striking appearance –
tall, with extremely long heads, high cheekbones, long faces, large
jaws, and strong brow ridges, which some have seen as evidence they
were Neanderthal-human hybrids. So who were these people? [
how curious ]
Rise
of the Swiderians
The
answer is the Swiderians, whose mining operations in Poland’s
Swietokrzyskie (Holy Cross) Mountains are among the earliest evidence
of organized mining activities anywhere in the world. This
advanced society, who thrived in both Central and Eastern Europe
around the time of the comet impact event of 10,900 BC, was
responsible for the foundation of various important post-Swiderian
cultures of the Mesolithic age as far north as Norway, Finland, and
Sweden, as far south as the Caucasus Mountains, and as far east as
the Upper Volga river of Central Russia.
The Swiderians’ highly advanced culture, which included a
sophisticated stone tool technology, was derived from their distant
ancestors, the Eastern Gravettian peoples that thrived between 30,000
and 19,000 BC in what is today the Czech Republic and further east on
the Russian Plain.
In
around 10,500 BC I believe that Swiderian groups moved south from the
East European Plain into eastern Anatolia. Here they gained control
of the regional trade in the black volcanic glass known as obsidian
at places like Bingöl Mountain in the Armenian Highlands and Nemrut
Dağ an extinct volcano close to the shores of Lake Van, Turkey’s
largest inland sea. This brought them into contact with the
communities who would later be responsible for the construction of
Göbekli Tepe around 9500-9000 BC.
Ritual
Purpose
Everything
suggests the Swiderians possessed a sophisticated cosmology gained in
part from their cousins, the Solutreans of Central and Western
Europe, who were themselves related to the Eastern Gravettian
peoples. They
believed in a cosmic tree supporting the sky world entered via the
Great Rift—the
fork or split in the Milky Way caused by the presence of stellar dust
and debris—corresponding to the position in the northern heavens
occupied by the stars of Cygnus, the celestial swan (a.k.a. the
Northern Cross). The Swiderians believed also that birds were symbols
of astral flight, and that this was the manner in which the shaman
could reach the sky world. In Europe the bird most commonly
associated with these beliefs and practices was the swan, while in
Southwest Asia it was the vulture, a primary symbol of death and
transformation in the early Neolithic age. Both birds are identified
with the Cygnus constellation.
Using
this guise the shaman could enter the sky world and counter the
actions of the supernatural creature seen as responsible for
cataclysms like the comet impact of 10,900 BC, referred to by
scientists today as the Younger Dryas Boundary (YDB) event. This
cosmic trickster was seen to take the form of a sky fox or sky wolf,
embodied perhaps in the leaping foxes carved in relief on the inner
faces of key pillars at Göbekli Tepe, and remembered also as the
Fenris-wolf responsible for causing Ragnorak, a major cataclysm
preserved in Norse mythology. All across Europe, and into Southwest
Asia, accounts exist of supernatural foxes and wolves that have
attempted to endanger the sky pillar supporting the starry canopy, an
act that if achieved would have brought about the destruction of the
world.
Someone
realized that only by allaying people’s fears regarding the immense
potency of the cosmic trickster could stability be truly restored to
the world. And whenever this supernatural creature returned to the
heavens in the guise of a comet—seen as a visible manifestation of
the sky fox or sky wolf—it would be the shaman’s role to enter
the sky world and counter its baleful influence, a primary motivation
I see as behind the construction of Göbekli Tepe.
Womb
Chambers
Yet
there were clearly other reasons for the construction of Göbekli
Tepe. Its stone enclosures served, most likely, as womb chambers,
places where the shaman entered into a primal state, like that
experienced before birth, after passing between the enclosures’
twin central pillars. These
enormous monoliths, sometimes 18 feet (5.5 meters) in height and
weighing as much as 16.5 US tons (15 metric tonnes) a piece, acted as
otherworldly portals to invisible realms – true star gates in
every
sense of the word. And their target: the setting down on the local
horizon of Deneb, Cygnus’s brightest star, which marked the start
of the Milky Way’s Great Rift, a role played by Deneb as early as
16,500-14,000 BC. At
this time Deneb acted as Pole Star, the star closest to the celestial
pole during any particular epoch.
Even after Deneb ceased to be Pole Star around 14,000 BC, due to the
effects of precession (the slow wobble of the earth’s axis across a
cycle of approximately 26,000 years), its place was taken by another
Cygnus star, Delta Cygni, which held the position until around 13,000
BC.
After
this time the role of Pole Star went to Vega in the constellation of
Lyra, the celestial lyre. When around 11,000 BC Vega moved out of
range of the celestial pole, no bright star replaced it for several
thousand years. This meant that when Göbekli Tepe was constructed,
ca. 9500-9000 BC, there was no Pole Star. It was for this reason that
Deneb, and the Milky Way’s Great Rift, retained their significance
as the main point of entry to the sky world, making it the primary
destination of the shaman. Standing stones erected in the
north-northwestern sections of the walls in two key enclosures at
Göbekli Tepe bore large holes that framed the setting of Deneb each
night, highlighting the star’s significance to the Göbekli
builders, and showing the precise direction in which the shaman
should access the sky world.
Cosmic
Knowledge
Everywhere
you look at Göbekli Tepe there is confirmation that its builders
shared a sense of connection with the cosmos. From the strange glyphs
and ideograms on the various stones, which include symbols resembling
the letters C and H, to the twelve fold division of stones in the
various enclosures, there is powerful evidence that these
11,000-year-old temples resonate the influence of the celestial
heavens. The H glyphs seem to relate to the shaman’s journey from
this world to the otherworld, while the C glyphs are almost certainly
slim lunar crescents signifying the transition from one lunar cycle
to the next. Even the design of the enclosures appears to have cosmic
significance. Invariably
the structures are ovoid in shape, with a length to breadth ratio of
5:4, numbers that could hint at the Göbekli builders’ profound
awareness of cosmic time cycles not usually thought to have been
understood until the age of Plato.
If
Swiderian groups were the shamanic elite responsible for
Göbekli Tepe, then there is every chance that the cosmic knowledge
encoded into its construction came, at least in part, from highly
evolved individuals who were by nature Neanderthal-human hybrids of
striking physical appearance. These people were most likely the
product of interactions between Neanderthals and Anatomically Modern
Humans at the dawn of the Upper Paleolithic age, c. 40,000-30,000 BC.
This is a very exciting realization that tells us that we
might well have underestimated the dynamic potency of hybridization
in the formative years of human history.
Final
Abandonment
Over
a period of around 1,500 years twenty or more major enclosures were
constructed within the gradually emerging occupational mound at
Göbekli Tepe. Old enclosures were periodically decommissioned,
deconsecrated and covered over, quite literally “killed,” at the
end of their useful lives. New structures were built to replace them,
but as time went on they became much smaller in construction, until
eventually the cell-like buildings were no larger than a family-sized
Jacuzzi with pillars no more than five feet (a meter and a half) in
height. Somehow the world had changed, and the impetus for creating
gigantic stone temples with enormous twin monoliths at their centers
was no longer there.
Sometime
around 8000 BC the last remaining enclosures were covered over with
imported earth, stone chippings and refuse matter, and the site
abandoned to the elements. All that remained was an enormous
belly-like mound that became an ideal expression of the fact that the
stone enclosures had originally been seen, not just as star portals
to another world, but also as womb-like chambers, where the souls of
shaman, or indeed the spirits of the dead, could quite literally
journey to the source of creation, located somewhere in the vicinity
of the Cygnus constellation. It was a concept dimly remembered in the
name Göbekli Tepe, which in Turkish means “navel-like hill.”
Serpent-headed
People
Even
after Göbekli Tepe was abandoned, its memory, and those of the
ruling elite behind its construction, lingered on among the Halaf and
Ubaid peoples who flourished during the later half of the Neolithic
age, ca. 6000-4100 BC. Like their predecessors, they gained control
of the all-important obsidian trade at places such as Bingöl
Mountain and NemrutDağ,
close to Lake Van. Their
elites, who would appear to have belonged to specific family groups,
artificially deformed their already elongated heads, not only to
denote their status in society, but also quite possibly to mimic the
perceived appearance of great ancestors,
seen to have possessed extremely long heads and faces. It is very
possibly these great ancestors who are perhaps represented by the
snake-
or reptilian-headed clay figurines found in several Ubaid cemeteries.
The
Rise of the Anunnaki
The
elite of the Halaf and Ubaid were probably the forerunners of the
god-kings who ruled the first city-states down on the Mesopotamian
plain, which eventually became the civilizations of Sumer, Akkad,
Assyria and Babylon. Their scribes preserved in cuneiform writing the
ruling dynasties’ mythical history, in which the founders of the
Neolithic revolution are known as the Anunnaki, the gods of heaven
and earth. Their birthplace was said to have been the Duku, a
primeval mound located on the summit of a world mountain called
Kharsag, or Hursag, and now identified with both Göbekli Tepe and
Bingöl Mountain. Here
the Anunnaki are said to have given human kind the first sheep and
grain, a memory almost certainly of the introduction of animal
husbandry and agriculture at the time of the Neolithic revolution,
which occurred in the same region as Göbekli Tepe around 9000-8000
BC.
The Anunnaki are occasionally likened to serpents, reflecting the
snake-like appearance of Göbekli Tepe’s ruling elite, as well as
those of the later Halaf and Ubaid cultures.
The
Coming of the Watchers
Then
we come to the impact Göbekli Tepe had on the earliest Semitic
peoples of North Mesopotamia. Their oral traditions would one day be
carried into the land of Canaan by the first Israelites and recorded
down in religious works such as the book of Enoch and the book of
Giants. In these so-called Enochian texts the prime movers behind the
construction of Göbekli Tepe, and the subsequent Neolithic
revolution, are described as human angels called Watchers, who are
extremely tall, wear coats of feathers, possess visages like vipers
(that is, extremely long facial features), and are occasionally
described as Serpents (indeed, one Watcher is named as the Serpent
that beguiled Eve in the Garden of Eden). Two hundred of their number
are said to have descended among mortal kind and taken mortal wives,
who produced giant offspring called Nephilim.
According
to the book of Enoch, the human angels revealed to their wives the
secret arts of heaven, many of which correspond with a number of
firsts for humanity that took place in Southwest Asia in the wake of
the Neolithic revolution. Are the Watchers a memory of the appearance
in southeast Anatolia of Swiderian groups, whose striking appearance
fits the vivid description of the Watchers offered in Enochian
literature? If so, then does it suggest that the strange appearance
of both the Watchers and the Anunnaki, with their serpent-like faces,
might in part be down to them being Neanderthal-human hybrids? Were
they the true founders of civilization?
The
Rivers of Paradise
A
memory also of this crucial epoch in human development is preserved
perhaps in the stories of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden.
According to the book of Genesis this was located at the source of
the four rivers of Paradise. Three can easily be identified as the
Euphrates, Tigris and Araxes (the biblical Gihon), which all rise in
eastern Anatolia. What is more, two of the rivers, the Euphrates and
Araxes, take their rise in the vicinity of Bingöl Mountain, one of
the primary sources of obsidian located just 200 miles
(325kilometres) from Göbekli Tepe.
Local
tradition asserts that Bingöl was also the source of the fourth
river of Paradise, the Pison, while ancient writers record that the
true source of the Tigris was in the same region. Armenian tradition
also speaks of Bingöl Mountain being the place of the gods and the
summit of the world from which emerge four great rivers that carry
the waters of life to every part of the world.
Everything points toward Bingöl Mountain being not only the
“birthplace” of the Anunnaki, but also the site of the mountain
of Paradise, and the place of descent of the Watchers in the book of
Enoch.
The
Secrets of Adam
Gnostic
writings, such as the various tracts found in a cave at Nag Hammadi
in Egypt in 1945, speak repeatedly of the so-called secrets of Adam
being passed to his son Seth before his father’s death. Seth is
said to have recorded them either in book form, or on tablets or
pillars called stelae. These were hidden in or on a holy mountain,
existing in the vicinity of the terrestrial Paradise, so that they
might survive a coming cataclysm of fire and flood (a memory almost
certainly of the Younger Dryas impact event). Called variously
Charaxio, Seir, or Sir, this mountain is linked in early Christian
tradition with the site inhabited by the generations of Adam
following the expulsion of the first couple from Paradise.
So
what are the secrets of Adam, and where might they be found today? Do
they pertain to the manner in which Göbekli Tepe was built to
curtail the catastrophobia rife among the indigenous peoples of the
region in the wake of the Younger Dryas impact event? Had this
information been given to the local hunter-gatherers of the region by
incoming Swiderian groups, whose elongated heads and long ancestry
was connected with their origins as Neanderthal-human hybrids? Were
their deeds mythologised into the stories of the human angels called
Watchers found in the book of Enoch, and the Anunnaki gods alluded to
in Mesopotamian tradition?
As
Angels Ourselves
Where
exactly was Charaxio, or Mount Seir, where the books of Seth
containing the secrets of Adam await discovery? This is the quest I
embark upon in the second half of Göbekli Tepe: Genesis of the Gods,
with the result being the discovery in the Eastern Taurus Mountains
of a forgotten Armenian monastery overlooking the traditional site of
the Garden of Eden. Before its destruction at the time of the
Armenian genocide of 1915, the monks here preserved archaic
traditions concerning the Garden of Eden and the existence of a holy
relic of incredible religious significance. Confirmation of the
presence of this holy relic at the monastery (which in the seventh
century was given a special decree of immunity from attack signed by
the prophet Mohammed himself) reveals what could be Adam’s ultimate
secret—the manner in which we as mortals can re-enter Paradise and
become, as once we were, like angels ourselves. It is a story of
discovery I would now like to share with you.
“There
is little question that Andrew was one of the first writers to
realize the greater significance of Göbekli Tepe … It is for this
reason that Göbekli Tepe: Genesis of the Gods is such a masterwork,
for it is the culmination of nearly twenty years of Andrew’s
original research into the origins of the Neolithic revolution and
its relationship to Hebrew traditions concerning the location of the
Garden of Eden and the human truth behind the Watchers of the book of
Enoch.
“In
a testimonial written to accompany the publication of (Andrew’s
book) From the Ashes of Angels (1996), I said that Andrew
had put important new facts before the public concerning the
mysterious origins of human civilization. I stand by this statement
and add only that with his vast knowledge of the subject under
discussion, there is no one better suited to reveal Göbekli Tepe’s
place in history today”
Graham
Hancock from his Introduction
to Göbekli
Tepe: Genesis of the Gods
From
History of the Saints, Phillippe Buache, Published in 1783 in Paris.
About
the Author
Andrew
Collins is a historical writer and explorer living in the United
Kingdom. He is the author of more than a dozen books that challenge
the way we perceive the past. They include From
the Ashes of Angels (1996),
which establishes that the Watchers of the book of Enoch and the
Anunnaki of the Sumerian texts are the memory of a shamanic elite
that catalyzed the Neolithic revolution in the Near East at the end
of the last ice age; Gateway
to Atlantis (2000),
which pins down the source of Plato’s Atlantis to the Caribbean
island of Cuba and the Bahaman archipelago; Tutankhamun:
The Exodus Conspiracy (coauthored
with Chris Ogilvie Herald, 2002), which reveals the truth behind the
discovery of Tutankhamun’s famous tomb; and The
Cygnus Mystery(2007),
which shows that the constellation of Cygnus has been universally
venerated as the place of first creation and the entrance to the sky
world since Paleolithic times.
In
2008 Andrew and colleague Nigel Skinner Simpson discovered a
previously unrecorded cave complex beneath the pyramids of Giza,
which has brought him worldwide acclaim. It is a story told in his
book Beneath the Pyramids (2009).
Andrew’s latest
book Gobekli Tepe: Genesis of the Gods is the culmination
of twenty years’ study of the origins of the Watchers and Nephilim
of the book of Enoch, and the Anunnaki of Sumerian myth and legend.
For more on Andrew Collins go to www.andrewcollins.com
So
what is Göbekli Tepe? Who created it, and why? More pressingly, why
did its builders bury their creation at the end of its useful life?
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