Monday, April 15, 2013

Heat Shocking Produce




This is a rather important understanding that goes against all our food handling inclinations. Yet it is on hand and doable. One avoids washing things off immediately because that encourages spoilage. Now we merely soak instead in hot water. I wonder how lettuce performs.



I note that it is useful to soak a cantaloupe a full hour in water maintained at 120. that is a bit of a challenge and would only be done if it was necessary. It would be easier to in fact cut it up and process the pieces. Yet it illustrates the desirability of actually reaching all the flesh in order to trigger all the changes needed.



The bottom line though is that this can clearly provide a week of ready shelve life. This is good news as we always have partially consumed product that needs to last a couple of days safely.



I do enjoy eating an entire head of lettuce with dressing, but then I am out of room for the rest of the meal. Thus unless I ensure others consume the balance, I am soon facing ruination.



'Heat-shocking' can help preserve produce







Nothing is more frustrating than finding the perfect cucumber or head of lettuce at the farmers market, paying top-dollar for it, and then … tossing it out a week later when it has gone moldy or slimy in the refrigerator.



No doubt one reason so many of us eat too many convenience foods and too few fruits and vegetables is that it can be hard to get our busy schedules in sync with the produce we bring home with the best of intentions. Food scientists, however, have discovered a remarkably effective way to extend the life of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables by days or even a week. It doesn’t involve the chlorine solutions, irradiation or peroxide baths sometimes used by produce packagers. And it’s easily done in any home by anyone. This method, called heat-shocking, is 100 percent organic and uses just one ingredient that every cook has handy — hot water.



You may already be familiar with a related technique called blanching, a cooking method in which food is briefly dunked in boiling or very hot water. Blanching can extend the shelf life of broccoli and other plant foods, and it effectively reduces contamination by germs on the surface of the food. But blanching usually ruptures the cell walls of plants, causing color and nutrients to leach out. It also robs delicate produce of its raw taste.



Heat-shocking works differently. When the water is warm but not scalding — temperatures ranging from 105 degrees to 140 degrees work well for most fruits and vegetables — a brief plunge won’t rupture the cells. Rather, the right amount of heat alters the biochemistry of the tissue in ways that, for many kinds of produce, firm the flesh, delay browning and fading, slow wilting, and increase mold resistance.



A long list of scientific studies published during the past 15 years report success using heat-shocking to firm potatoes, tomatoes, carrots, and strawberries; to preserve the color of asparagus, broccoli, green beans, kiwi fruits, celery, and lettuce; to fend off overripe flavors in cantaloupe and other melons; and to generally add to the longevity of grapes, plums, bean sprouts and peaches, among others.



The optimum time and temperature combination for the quick dip seems to depend on many factors, but the procedure is quite simple.



Just let the water run from your tap until it gets hot, then fill a large pot of water about two-thirds full, and use a thermometer to measure the temperature. It will probably be between 105 degrees and 140 degrees; if not, a few minutes on the stove should do the trick. Submerge the produce and hold it there for several minutes (the hotter the water, the less time is needed), then drain, dry and refrigerate as you normally would.



Researchers still are working out the details of how heat-shocking works, but it appears to change the food in several ways at once. Many of the fruits and vegetables you bring home from the store are still alive and respiring; the quick heat treatment tends to slow the rate at which they respire and produce ethylene, a gas that plays a crucial role in the ripening of many kinds of produce. In leafy greens, the shock of the hot water also seems to turn down production of enzymes that cause browning around wounded leaves, and to turn up the production of heat-shock proteins, which can have preservative effects.



For the home cook, the inner workings don’t really matter. The bottom line is that soaking your produce in hot water for a few minutes after you unpack it makes it cheaper and more nutritious because more fruits and veggies will end up in your family rather than in the trash.




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