TERRAFORMING TERRA We discuss and comment on the role agriculture will play in the containment of the CO2 problem and address protocols for terraforming the planet Earth. A model farm template is imagined as the central methodology. A broad range of timely science news and other topics of interest are commented on.
Saturday, March 30, 2019
Qanon Adam Schiff Knowingly Committed Treason?
Here we make the case that Adam Shiff is clearly guilty of treason. He had access to everything but made up his own 'facts' to support the DEM collusion narrative.
To be fair, he is guilty of been a stupid man who rose far above his talent and that has always been obvious. Seniority does not often produce talent. Thing Nancy Pelosi and Feinstein as well. This will not end well.
The last two years has established the expectation of extreme justice for what has been mostly process crimes. Now we will get some meat and the audience is clearly bloodthirsty. Be scared DEMs...
Mar 28 2019
3273 Q !!mG7VJxZNCI ID: 2bc015 No.5947538
Mar 28 2019 15:21:16 (EST)
https://twitter.com/AGirl397/status/1111360963079520256
Enjoy the show, VIP Patriot!
Q 3272 Q !!mG7VJxZNCI ID: 2bc015 No.5947488
Mar 28 2019 15:19:44 (EST)
https://twitter.com/tkjw49419/status/1111361273437057024
Enjoy the show, VIP Patriot!
Q 3271 Q !!mG7VJxZNCI ID: 2bc015 No.5947414
Mar 28 2019 15:16:58 (EST)
https://twitter.com/QuirkyFollowsQ/status/1111360759576039426
Enjoy the show, VIP Patriot!
Q 3270 Q !!mG7VJxZNCI ID: 2bc015 No.5947374
Mar 28 2019 15:15:50 (EST)
https://twitter.com/NativeSect/status/1111360878383980546
Enjoy the show, VIP Patriot!
Q 3269 Q !!mG7VJxZNCI ID: 2bc015 No.5947264
Mar 28 2019 15:12:27 (EST)
https://twitter.com/WorldOLuxe/status/1111359621845958656
Enjoy the show, VIP Patriots!
Q 3268 Q !!mG7VJxZNCI ID: 2bc015 No.5947187
Mar 28 2019 15:10:29 (EST)
https://twitter.com/tkjw49419/status/1111357640708448262
Enjoy the show, VIP Patriot!
Q 3267 Q !!mG7VJxZNCI ID: 2bc015 No.5947167
Mar 28 2019 15:09:32 (EST)
https://twitter.com/lindzp1987/status/1111357947328843778
Enjoy the show, VIP Patriot!
Q 3266 Q !!mG7VJxZNCI ID: 2bc015 No.5947041
Mar 28 2019 15:05:19 (EST)
https://twitter.com/Danlnieb/status/1111356809988706304
Enjoy the show, VIP Patriot!
Q 3265 Q !!mG7VJxZNCI ID: 2bc015 No.5946995
Mar 28 2019 15:03:49 (EST)
https://twitter.com/BigChief_MAGA/status/1111356913076314113MAGA/status/1111356913076314113" target="_new" title="archive" id="archive_today">
Enjoy the show, VIP Patriot!
Q
3264 Q !!mG7VJxZNCI ID: 2bc015 No.5946936
Mar 28 2019 15:02:00 (EST)
https://twitter.com/JenPen39482643/status/1111356836459020289
Attempts to DIVIDE will only FAIL.
WWG1WGA!!!
Q 3263 Q !!mG7VJxZNCI ID: e1eebe No.5946755
Mar 28 2019 14:54:11 (EST)
https://twitter.com/StevenCarr3088/status/1111355549633953792
We see you, Patriot!
WWG1WGA!!!
Q 3262 Q !!mG7VJxZNCI ID: e1eebe No.5946671
Mar 28 2019 14:51:09 (EST)
https://twitter.com/JeffDeRiso/status/1111354206835875840
[Knowingly]
Q 3261 Q !!mG7VJxZNCI ID: e1eebe No.5946567
Mar 28 2019 14:47:28 (EST)
https://twitter.com/barch_anne/status/1111353382323785728
Front row seat, VIP Patriot!
Enjoy the show.
Q 3260 Q !!mG7VJxZNCI ID: e1eebe No.5946299
Mar 28 2019 14:37:13 (EST)
https://twitter.com/jsolomonReports/status/1111310208486252545
[Knowingly]
Q 3259 Q !!mG7VJxZNCI ID: b16a1e No.5945780
Mar 28 2019 14:11:11 (EST)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_01s4Mut2YQ&feature=youtu.be
Well done, Patriot.
TOGETHER WE WIN.
WWG1WGA!!!
Q
3258 Q !!mG7VJxZNCI ID: 69e535 No.5945210
Mar 28 2019 13:34:43 (EST)
https://twitter.com/Amberwinborn/status/1111334824151826433
Thank you, Patriot.
Sometimes our 'sniffer' picks and pulls w/o applying credit file.
Q
3257 Q !!mG7VJxZNCI ID: 69e535 No.5945074
Mar 28 2019 13:29:10 (EST)
https://twitter.com/truthseekerd/status/1111333401775226885
We LOVE you!
Q
3256 Q !!mG7VJxZNCI ID: 69e535 No.5944970
Mar 28 2019 13:24:50 (EST)
https://twitter.com/SecretaryCarson/status/1111218929337290753
USA v. LifeLog?
1st of many?
Q
3255 Q !!mG7VJxZNCI ID: 69e535 No.5944908
Mar 28 2019 13:22:39 (EST)
https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1111214993293357056
"FBI & DOJ to review the outrageous Jussie Smollett case in Chicago. It is an embarrassment to our Nation!"
>It shall be done.
Q
3254 Q !!mG7VJxZNCI ID: 69e535 No.5944859
Mar 28 2019 13:19:54 (EST) D2w86F1WsAUhspR.png-large.png
5:5?
Q
3253 Q !!mG7VJxZNCI ID: 87b5e7 No.5944536
Mar 28 2019 13:06:57 (EST)
Anonymous ID: 9f3bfd No.5944467
Mar 28 2019 13:04:44 (EST) FireShot Capture 001 - [USC10] 18 USC Ch. 115_ TREASON, SEDITION, AND SUBVERSIVE ACTIVITIES_ - uscode.house.gov.png
>>5944467 3252 Q !!mG7VJxZNCI ID: 87b5e7 No.5944492
Mar 28 2019 13:05:32 (EST)
Anonymous ID: b4c212 No.5944351
Mar 28 2019 13:00:18 (EST)
>>5944119
SERVER DOWN Q
>>5944351
What does that tell you about the size of the movement?
Q
3251 Q !!mG7VJxZNCI ID: 87b5e7 No.5944447
Mar 28 2019 13:03:55 (EST) D2w5zI_XQAAsVBe.jpg-large.jpg
3250 Q !!mG7VJxZNCI ID: 87b5e7 No.5944119
Mar 28 2019 12:50:09 (EST)
http://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?path=/prelim@title18/part1/chapter115&edition=prelim
Q
3249 Q !!mG7VJxZNCI ID: 87b5e7 No.5944004
Mar 28 2019 12:44:37 (EST) D1pE-3bU0AAeLJ8.jpg
q_post_3178.png
Follow keyword designators.
[Knowingly]
[Knowingly]
[Knowingly]
Q 3248 Q !!mG7VJxZNCI ID: 87b5e7 No.5943751
Mar 28 2019 12:32:43 (EST)
Q !!mG7VJxZNCI ID: 87b5e7 No.5943535
Mar 28 2019 12:23:40 (EST) D0vW1HYX0AEiOqE.jpg
https://twitter.com/paulsperry_/status/1111307392438943744
You have more than you know.
Q
>>5943535
FOCUS HERE:
[NO NAME][MEDIA - [JB][JC] LEAKS—→POTUS Daily Brief/FBI]
Match?
Q
3247 Q !!mG7VJxZNCI ID: 87b5e7 No.5943665
Mar 28 2019 12:28:46 (EST)
Anonymous ID: c63960 No.5943598
Mar 28 2019 12:25:59 (EST) ClipboardImage.png
ClipboardImage.png
ClipboardImage.png
>>5943535
>>5943598
Have you applied to an intel agency?
Q
3246 Q !!mG7VJxZNCI ID: 87b5e7 No.5943535
Mar 28 2019 12:23:40 (EST) D0vW1HYX0AEiOqE.jpg
https://twitter.com/paulsperry_/status/1111307392438943744
You have more than you know.
Q
3245 Q !!mG7VJxZNCI ID: 87b5e7 No.5943423
Mar 28 2019 12:19:51 (EST)
Anonymous ID: 281de5 No.5943322
Mar 28 2019 12:16:17 (EST) Capture.JPG
>>5943295
Notice which worldwide Twitter trend they aren't reporting the numbers for?
>>5943322
Corrupted and Controlled.
https://www.foxnews.com/tech/twitter-may-annotate-tweets-from-trump-and-other-elected-officials-if-they-violate-its-rules
Predictable and Prepared.
Q
3244 Q !!mG7VJxZNCI ID: 87b5e7 No.5943295
Mar 28 2019 12:14:43 (EST) GLOVES_WILL_BE_OFF.png
1st and 10 @ the 50.
Q
3243 Q !!mG7VJxZNCI ID: 767183 No.5943194
Mar 28 2019 12:07:12 (EST)
https://www.foxnews.com/politics/eric-holder-when-did-you-think-america-was-great
THEY DO NOT LOVE YOU OR AMERICA.
Welcome to the [D] party con.
Q
3242 Q !!mG7VJxZNCI ID: 767183 No.5943130
Mar 28 2019 12:05:01 (EST)
https://twitter.com/RepDougCollins/status/1111256323008708608
[Page 17]
Q
3241 Q !!mG7VJxZNCI ID: 767183 No.5943096
Mar 28 2019 12:03:33 (EST)
https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1111217169730338816
"Congressman Adam Schiff, who spent two years [knowingly] and unlawfully lying and leaking, should be forced to resign from Congress!"
[Knowingly]
[Knowingly]
[Knowingly]
Leaking investigations can lead to [forced] resignations.
[Knowingly] disseminating FALSE information is illegal.
GANG OF 8 (INTEL)
Q
The Math That Tells Cells What They Are
Rather obviously, a lot more is happening than can be explained by the present intelectual despensation.
Let us tackle all this.
We experience a life through third tier matter.
It is operated through second tier matter scaled at the electron level.
Now none of this acts to store information. Both produce and read information but within our concept of continuous time.
Information is stored as number on first tier Mobius strips in the first tier of matter on a 3D manifold but with two dimensional ribbons that also construct photons as well. This is the tier of creation in which a Mobius strip is formed in what is a holographic space for want of a better word. This produces two orthogonal axis or a binary creation necessary to produce a universe.
Such a holographic space exists both independent of time and across time and is thus naturally self optimizing. Thus life itself becomes self optimizing.
The Math That Tells Cells What They Are
Let us tackle all this.
We experience a life through third tier matter.
It is operated through second tier matter scaled at the electron level.
Now none of this acts to store information. Both produce and read information but within our concept of continuous time.
Information is stored as number on first tier Mobius strips in the first tier of matter on a 3D manifold but with two dimensional ribbons that also construct photons as well. This is the tier of creation in which a Mobius strip is formed in what is a holographic space for want of a better word. This produces two orthogonal axis or a binary creation necessary to produce a universe.
Such a holographic space exists both independent of time and across time and is thus naturally self optimizing. Thus life itself becomes self optimizing.
The Math That Tells Cells What They Are
During
development, cells seem to decode their fate through optimal
information processing, which could hint at a more general principle of
life.
https://www.quantamagazine.org/the-math-that-tells-cells-what-they-are-20190313/?
In 1891, when the German biologist Hans Driesch split two-cell sea urchin embryos in half, he found that each of the separated cells then gave rise to its own complete, albeit smaller, larva. Somehow, the halves “knew” to change their entire developmental program: At that stage, the blueprint for what they would become had apparently not yet been drawn out, at least not in ink.
Since then, scientists have been trying to understand what goes into making this blueprint, and how instructive it is. (Driesch himself, frustrated at his inability to come up with a solution, threw up his hands and left the field entirely.) It’s now known that some form of positional information makes genes variously switch on and off throughout the embryo, giving cells distinct identities based on their location. But the signals carrying that information seem to fluctuate wildly and chaotically — the opposite of what you might expect for an important guiding influence.
“The [embryo] is a noisy environment,” said Robert Brewster, a systems biologist at the University of Massachusetts Medical School. “But somehow it comes together to give you a reproducible, crisp body plan.”
The same precision and reproducibility emerge from a sea of noise
again and again in a range of cellular processes. That mounting evidence
is leading some biologists to a bold hypothesis: that where information
is concerned, cells might often find solutions to life’s challenges
that are not just good but optimal — that cells extract as much useful
information from their complex surroundings as is theoretically
possible. Questions about optimal decoding, according to Aleksandra Walczak, a biophysicist at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, “are everywhere in biology.”
Biologists haven’t traditionally cast analyses of living systems as optimization problems because the complexity of those systems makes them hard to quantify, and because it can be difficult to discern what would be getting optimized. Moreover, while evolutionary theory suggests that evolving systems can improve over time, nothing guarantees that they should be driven to an optimal level.
Yet when researchers have been able to appropriately determine what cells are doing, many have been surprised to see clear indications of optimization. Hints have turned up in how the brain responds to external stimuli and how microbes respond to chemicals in their environments. Now some of the best evidence has emerged from a new study of fly larva development, reported recently in Cell.
Cells That Understand Statistics
For decades, scientists have been studying fruit fly larvae for clues about how development unfolds. Some details became apparent early on: A cascade of genetic signals establishes a pattern along the larva’s head-to-tail axis. Signaling molecules called morphogens then diffuse through the embryonic tissues, eventually defining the formation of body parts.
Particularly important in the fly are four “gap” genes, which are expressed separately in broad, overlapping domains along the axis. The proteins they make in turn help regulate the expression of “pair-rule” genes, which create an extremely precise, periodic striped pattern along the embryo. The stripes establish the groundwork for the later division of the body into segments.
How cells make sense of these diffusion gradients has always been a
mystery. The widespread assumption was that after being pointed in
roughly the right direction (so to speak) by the protein levels, cells
would continuously monitor their changing surroundings and make small
corrective adjustments as development proceeded, locking in on their
planned identity relatively late. That model harks back to the
“developmental landscape” proposed by Conrad Waddington in 1956. He
likened the process of a cell homing in on its fate to a ball rolling
down a series of ever-steepening valleys and forked paths. Cells had to
acquire more and more information to refine their positional knowledge
over time — as if zeroing in on where and what they were through “the 20
questions game,” according to Jané Kondev, a physicist at Brandeis University.
Such a system could be accident prone, however: Some cells would inevitably take the wrong paths and be unable to get back on track. In contrast, comparisons of fly embryos revealed that the placement of pair-rule stripes was incredibly precise, to within 1 percent of the embryo’s length — that is, to single-cell accuracy.
That prompted a group at Princeton University, led by the biophysicists Thomas Gregor and William Bialek,
to suspect something else: that the cells could instead get all the
information they needed to define the positions of pair-rule stripes
from the expression levels of the gap genes alone, even though those are
not periodic and therefore not an obvious source for such precise
instructions.
And that’s just what they found.
Over the course of 12 years, they measured morphogen and gap-gene protein concentrations, cell by cell, from one embryo to the next, to determine how all four gap genes were most likely to be expressed at every position along the head-to-tail axis. From those probability distributions, they built a “dictionary,” or decoder — an explicit map that could spit out a probabilistic estimate of a cell’s position based on its gap-gene protein concentration levels.
Around five years ago, the researchers — including Mariela Petkova, who started the measurement work as an undergraduate at Princeton (and is currently pursuing a doctorate in biophysics at Harvard University), and Gašper Tkačik, now at the Institute of Science and Technology Austria — determined this mapping by assuming it worked like what’s known as an optimal Bayesian decoder (that is, the decoder used Bayes’ rule for inferring the likelihood of an event from prior conditional probabilities). The Bayesian framework allowed them to flip the “unknowns,” the conditions of probability: Their measurements of gap gene expression, given position, could be used to generate a “best guess” of position, given only gap gene expression.
The team found that the fluctuations of the four gap genes could indeed be used to predict the locations of cells with single-cell precision. No less than maximal information about all four would do, however: When the activity of only two or three gap genes was provided, the decoder’s location predictions were not nearly so accurate. Versions of the decoder that used less of the information from all four gap genes — that, for instance, responded only to whether each gene was on or off — made worse predictions, too.
According to Walczak, “No one has ever measured or shown how well
reading out the concentration of these molecular gradients … actually
pinpoints a specific position along the axis.”
Now they had: Even given the limited number of molecules and underlying noise of the system, the varying concentrations of the gap genes was sufficient to differentiate two neighboring cells in the head-to-tail axis — and the rest of the gene network seemed to be transmitting that information optimally.
“But the question always remained open: Does the biology actually care?” Gregor said. “Or is this just something that we measure?” Could the regulatory regions of DNA that responded to the gap genes really be wired up in such a way that they could decode the positional information those genes contained?
The biophysicists teamed up with the Nobel Prize-winning biologist Eric Wieschaus to test whether the cells were actually making use of the information potentially at their disposal. They created mutant embryos by modifying the gradients of morphogens in the very young fly embryos, which in turn altered the expression patterns of the gap genes and ultimately caused pair-rule stripes to shift, disappear, get duplicated or have fuzzy edges. Even so, the researchers found that their decoder could predict the changes in mutated pair-rule expression with surprising accuracy. “They show that the map is broken in mutants, but in a way that the decoder predicts,” Walczak said.
“You could imagine that if it was getting information from other
sources, you couldn’t trick [the cells] like that,” Brewster added.
“Your decoder would fail.”
These findings represent “a signpost,” according to Kondev, who was not involved with the study. They suggest that there’s “some physical reality” to the inferred decoder, he said. “Through evolution, these cells have figured out how to implement Bayes’ trick using regulatory DNA.”
How the cells do it remains a mystery. Right now, “the whole thing is kind of wonderful and magical,” said John Reinitz, a systems biologist at the University of Chicago.
Even so, the work provides a new way of thinking about early development, gene regulation and, perhaps, evolution in general.
A Steeper Landscape
The findings provide a fresh perspective on Waddington’s idea of a developmental landscape. According to Gregor, their work indicates that there’s no need for 20 questions or a gradual refinement of knowledge after all. The landscape “is steep from the beginning,” he said. All the information is already there.
“Natural selection [seems to be] pushing the system hard enough so that it … reaches a point where the cells are performing at the limit of what physics allows,” said Manuel Razo-Mejia, a graduate student at the California Institute of Technology.
It’s possible that the high performance in this case is a fluke:
Since fruit fly embryos develop very quickly, perhaps in their case
“evolution has found this optimal solution because of that pressure to
do everything very rapidly,” said James Briscoe,
a biologist at the Francis Crick Institute in London who did not
participate in this study. To really cement whether this is something
more general, then, researchers will have to test the decoder in other
species, including those that develop more slowly.
Even so, these results set up intriguing new questions to ask about the often-enigmatic regulatory elements. Scientists don’t have a solid grasp of how regulatory DNA codes for the control of other genes’ activities. The team’s findings suggest that this involves an optimal Bayesian decoder, which allows the regulatory elements to respond to very subtle changes in combined gap gene expression.
“We can ask the question, what is it about regulatory DNA that encodes the decoder?” Kondev said.
And “what about it makes it do this optimal decoding?” he added. “That’s a question we could not have asked before this study.”
“That’s really what this work sets up as the next challenge in the field,” Briscoe said. Besides, there may be many ways of implementing such a decoder at the molecular level, meaning that this idea could apply to other systems as well. In fact, hints of it have been uncovered in the development of the neural tube in vertebrates, the precursor of their central nervous system — which would call for a very different underlying mechanism.
Moreover, if these regulatory regions need to perform an optimal decoding function, that potentially limits how they can evolve — and in turn, how an entire organism can evolve. “We have this one example … which is the life that evolved on this planet,” Kondev said, and because of that, the important constraints on what life can be are unknown. Finding that cells show Bayesian behavior could be a hint that processing information effectively may be “a general principle that makes a bunch of atoms stuck together loosely behave like the thing that we think is life.”
But right now, it is still only a hint. Although it would be “kind of a physicist’s dream,” Gregor said, “we are far from really having proof for this.”
From Wires Under Oceans to Neurons in the Brain
The concept of information optimization is rooted in electrical engineering: Experts originally wanted to understand how best to encode and then decode sound to allow people to talk on the telephone via transoceanic cables. That goal later turned into a broader consideration of how to transmit information optimally through a channel. It wasn’t much of a leap to apply this framework to the brain’s sensory systems and how they measured, encoded and decoded inputs to produce a response.
Now some experts are trying to think about all kinds of “sensory
systems” in this way: Razo-Mejia, for instance, has studied how
optimally bacteria sense and process chemicals in their environment, and
how that might affect their fitness. Meanwhile, Walczak and her
colleagues have been asking what a “good decoding strategy” might look
like in the adaptive immune system, which has to recognize and respond
to a massive repertoire of intruders.
“I don’t think optimization is an aesthetic or philosophical idea. It’s a very concrete idea,” Bialek said. “Optimization principles have time and again pointed to interesting things to measure.” Whether or not they are correct, he considers them productive to think about.
“Of course, the difficulty is that in many other systems, the property being decoded is more difficult than one-dimensional position [along the embryo’s axis],” Walczak said. “The problem is harder to define.”
That’s what made the system Bialek and his colleagues studied so tantalizing. “There aren’t many examples in biology where a high-level idea, like information in this case, leads to a mathematical formula” that is then testable in experiments on living cells, Kondev said.
It’s this marriage of theory and experiment that excites Bialek. He
hopes to see the approach continue to guide work in other contexts.
“What’s not clear,” he said, “is whether the observation [of
optimization] is a curiosity that arises in a few corners, or whether
there’s something general about it.”
If the latter does prove to be the case, “then that’s very striking,” Briscoe said. “The ability for evolution to find these really efficient ways of doing things would be an incredible finding.”
Kondev agreed. “As a physicist, you hope that the phenomenon of life is not just about the specific chemistry and DNA and molecules that make living things on planet Earth — that it’s broader,” he said. “What is that broader thing? I don’t know. But maybe this is lifting a little bit of the veil off that mystery.”
Correction added on March 15: The text was updated to acknowledge the contributions of Mariela Petkova and Gašper Tkačik.
In 1891, when the German biologist Hans Driesch split two-cell sea urchin embryos in half, he found that each of the separated cells then gave rise to its own complete, albeit smaller, larva. Somehow, the halves “knew” to change their entire developmental program: At that stage, the blueprint for what they would become had apparently not yet been drawn out, at least not in ink.
Since then, scientists have been trying to understand what goes into making this blueprint, and how instructive it is. (Driesch himself, frustrated at his inability to come up with a solution, threw up his hands and left the field entirely.) It’s now known that some form of positional information makes genes variously switch on and off throughout the embryo, giving cells distinct identities based on their location. But the signals carrying that information seem to fluctuate wildly and chaotically — the opposite of what you might expect for an important guiding influence.
“The [embryo] is a noisy environment,” said Robert Brewster, a systems biologist at the University of Massachusetts Medical School. “But somehow it comes together to give you a reproducible, crisp body plan.”
Biologists haven’t traditionally cast analyses of living systems as optimization problems because the complexity of those systems makes them hard to quantify, and because it can be difficult to discern what would be getting optimized. Moreover, while evolutionary theory suggests that evolving systems can improve over time, nothing guarantees that they should be driven to an optimal level.
Yet when researchers have been able to appropriately determine what cells are doing, many have been surprised to see clear indications of optimization. Hints have turned up in how the brain responds to external stimuli and how microbes respond to chemicals in their environments. Now some of the best evidence has emerged from a new study of fly larva development, reported recently in Cell.
Cells That Understand Statistics
For decades, scientists have been studying fruit fly larvae for clues about how development unfolds. Some details became apparent early on: A cascade of genetic signals establishes a pattern along the larva’s head-to-tail axis. Signaling molecules called morphogens then diffuse through the embryonic tissues, eventually defining the formation of body parts.
Particularly important in the fly are four “gap” genes, which are expressed separately in broad, overlapping domains along the axis. The proteins they make in turn help regulate the expression of “pair-rule” genes, which create an extremely precise, periodic striped pattern along the embryo. The stripes establish the groundwork for the later division of the body into segments.
Such a system could be accident prone, however: Some cells would inevitably take the wrong paths and be unable to get back on track. In contrast, comparisons of fly embryos revealed that the placement of pair-rule stripes was incredibly precise, to within 1 percent of the embryo’s length — that is, to single-cell accuracy.
And that’s just what they found.
Over the course of 12 years, they measured morphogen and gap-gene protein concentrations, cell by cell, from one embryo to the next, to determine how all four gap genes were most likely to be expressed at every position along the head-to-tail axis. From those probability distributions, they built a “dictionary,” or decoder — an explicit map that could spit out a probabilistic estimate of a cell’s position based on its gap-gene protein concentration levels.
Around five years ago, the researchers — including Mariela Petkova, who started the measurement work as an undergraduate at Princeton (and is currently pursuing a doctorate in biophysics at Harvard University), and Gašper Tkačik, now at the Institute of Science and Technology Austria — determined this mapping by assuming it worked like what’s known as an optimal Bayesian decoder (that is, the decoder used Bayes’ rule for inferring the likelihood of an event from prior conditional probabilities). The Bayesian framework allowed them to flip the “unknowns,” the conditions of probability: Their measurements of gap gene expression, given position, could be used to generate a “best guess” of position, given only gap gene expression.
The team found that the fluctuations of the four gap genes could indeed be used to predict the locations of cells with single-cell precision. No less than maximal information about all four would do, however: When the activity of only two or three gap genes was provided, the decoder’s location predictions were not nearly so accurate. Versions of the decoder that used less of the information from all four gap genes — that, for instance, responded only to whether each gene was on or off — made worse predictions, too.
Now they had: Even given the limited number of molecules and underlying noise of the system, the varying concentrations of the gap genes was sufficient to differentiate two neighboring cells in the head-to-tail axis — and the rest of the gene network seemed to be transmitting that information optimally.
“But the question always remained open: Does the biology actually care?” Gregor said. “Or is this just something that we measure?” Could the regulatory regions of DNA that responded to the gap genes really be wired up in such a way that they could decode the positional information those genes contained?
The biophysicists teamed up with the Nobel Prize-winning biologist Eric Wieschaus to test whether the cells were actually making use of the information potentially at their disposal. They created mutant embryos by modifying the gradients of morphogens in the very young fly embryos, which in turn altered the expression patterns of the gap genes and ultimately caused pair-rule stripes to shift, disappear, get duplicated or have fuzzy edges. Even so, the researchers found that their decoder could predict the changes in mutated pair-rule expression with surprising accuracy. “They show that the map is broken in mutants, but in a way that the decoder predicts,” Walczak said.
These findings represent “a signpost,” according to Kondev, who was not involved with the study. They suggest that there’s “some physical reality” to the inferred decoder, he said. “Through evolution, these cells have figured out how to implement Bayes’ trick using regulatory DNA.”
How the cells do it remains a mystery. Right now, “the whole thing is kind of wonderful and magical,” said John Reinitz, a systems biologist at the University of Chicago.
Even so, the work provides a new way of thinking about early development, gene regulation and, perhaps, evolution in general.
A Steeper Landscape
The findings provide a fresh perspective on Waddington’s idea of a developmental landscape. According to Gregor, their work indicates that there’s no need for 20 questions or a gradual refinement of knowledge after all. The landscape “is steep from the beginning,” he said. All the information is already there.
“Natural selection [seems to be] pushing the system hard enough so that it … reaches a point where the cells are performing at the limit of what physics allows,” said Manuel Razo-Mejia, a graduate student at the California Institute of Technology.
Even so, these results set up intriguing new questions to ask about the often-enigmatic regulatory elements. Scientists don’t have a solid grasp of how regulatory DNA codes for the control of other genes’ activities. The team’s findings suggest that this involves an optimal Bayesian decoder, which allows the regulatory elements to respond to very subtle changes in combined gap gene expression.
“We can ask the question, what is it about regulatory DNA that encodes the decoder?” Kondev said.
And “what about it makes it do this optimal decoding?” he added. “That’s a question we could not have asked before this study.”
“That’s really what this work sets up as the next challenge in the field,” Briscoe said. Besides, there may be many ways of implementing such a decoder at the molecular level, meaning that this idea could apply to other systems as well. In fact, hints of it have been uncovered in the development of the neural tube in vertebrates, the precursor of their central nervous system — which would call for a very different underlying mechanism.
Moreover, if these regulatory regions need to perform an optimal decoding function, that potentially limits how they can evolve — and in turn, how an entire organism can evolve. “We have this one example … which is the life that evolved on this planet,” Kondev said, and because of that, the important constraints on what life can be are unknown. Finding that cells show Bayesian behavior could be a hint that processing information effectively may be “a general principle that makes a bunch of atoms stuck together loosely behave like the thing that we think is life.”
But right now, it is still only a hint. Although it would be “kind of a physicist’s dream,” Gregor said, “we are far from really having proof for this.”
From Wires Under Oceans to Neurons in the Brain
The concept of information optimization is rooted in electrical engineering: Experts originally wanted to understand how best to encode and then decode sound to allow people to talk on the telephone via transoceanic cables. That goal later turned into a broader consideration of how to transmit information optimally through a channel. It wasn’t much of a leap to apply this framework to the brain’s sensory systems and how they measured, encoded and decoded inputs to produce a response.
“I don’t think optimization is an aesthetic or philosophical idea. It’s a very concrete idea,” Bialek said. “Optimization principles have time and again pointed to interesting things to measure.” Whether or not they are correct, he considers them productive to think about.
“Of course, the difficulty is that in many other systems, the property being decoded is more difficult than one-dimensional position [along the embryo’s axis],” Walczak said. “The problem is harder to define.”
That’s what made the system Bialek and his colleagues studied so tantalizing. “There aren’t many examples in biology where a high-level idea, like information in this case, leads to a mathematical formula” that is then testable in experiments on living cells, Kondev said.
If the latter does prove to be the case, “then that’s very striking,” Briscoe said. “The ability for evolution to find these really efficient ways of doing things would be an incredible finding.”
Kondev agreed. “As a physicist, you hope that the phenomenon of life is not just about the specific chemistry and DNA and molecules that make living things on planet Earth — that it’s broader,” he said. “What is that broader thing? I don’t know. But maybe this is lifting a little bit of the veil off that mystery.”
Correction added on March 15: The text was updated to acknowledge the contributions of Mariela Petkova and Gašper Tkačik.
Solar Warden – The Secret Space Program
Our recent work reviewing the testimony of our first contact resolved a lot of the necessary background to Solar Warden.
We learned that the DOMAIN now controls our solar system and has done so only recently as in perhaps the last thousand years only. Prior to that it was dominated by the OLD EMPIRE. Their withdrawal had begun much earlier though when their governors disappeared from Earth leaving some form of human rule in place.
What is important to understand is that the DOMAIN is utilizing low gravity objects throughout the Solar system and particularly the asteroid Belt. Knowing this makes the creation of a Terran Space service quite practical and reasonable and would otherwise look risky.
We now gather further intel from this updated report from MUFON et al.
We learn that the Navy released a gun camera film of an UFO outperforming hte fighter just this past year. This strongly indicates that public disclosure is eminent and has Trump's support. I did suspect that the military parade would be used to show off the huge Space Gravity Platforms.
Solar Warden – The Secret Space Program
US Naval Network and Space Operations Command photo)
https://nationalufocenter.com/
UK News Darren Perks reports since 1980, a secret space fleet code named ‘Solar Warden’ has been in operation unknown to the public… Is this nonsense, is it a conspiracy or is it simply so sensitive that it will cause uproar around the world? These are my own words after conducting research into the secret program. While conducting an FOI (freedom of information) request with the DOD (department of defense), I had a very unexpected response by email from them which read:
“About an hour ago I spoke to a NASA rep who confirmed this was their program and that it was terminated by the President. He also informed me that it was not a joint program with the DOD. The NASA rep informed me that you should be directed to the Johnson Space Center FOIA Manager.
I have run your request through one of our space-related directorates and I’m waiting on one other division with the Command to respond back to me. I will contact you once I have a response from the other division. Did NASA refer you to us?”
The program not only operates classified under the US Government but also under the United Nations authority. So you might be wondering, how do I know this information?
Well there are a few people and many others that have tried hard to find out the truth, and have succeeded by leaked information or simply asking questions and have government departments slip up and give away information freely, just like what happened when Darren Perks asked the DOD.
US Naval Network and Space Operations Command photo)
https://nationalufocenter.com/
UK News Darren Perks reports since 1980, a secret space fleet code named ‘Solar Warden’ has been in operation unknown to the public… Is this nonsense, is it a conspiracy or is it simply so sensitive that it will cause uproar around the world? These are my own words after conducting research into the secret program. While conducting an FOI (freedom of information) request with the DOD (department of defense), I had a very unexpected response by email from them which read:
“About an hour ago I spoke to a NASA rep who confirmed this was their program and that it was terminated by the President. He also informed me that it was not a joint program with the DOD. The NASA rep informed me that you should be directed to the Johnson Space Center FOIA Manager.
I have run your request through one of our space-related directorates and I’m waiting on one other division with the Command to respond back to me. I will contact you once I have a response from the other division. Did NASA refer you to us?”
The program not only operates classified under the US Government but also under the United Nations authority. So you might be wondering, how do I know this information?
Well there are a few people and many others that have tried hard to find out the truth, and have succeeded by leaked information or simply asking questions and have government departments slip up and give away information freely, just like what happened when Darren Perks asked the DOD.
One notable contributor is Gary Mckinnon.
When Gary McKinnon hacked into U.S. Space Command computers several years ago and learned of the existence of “non-terrestrial officers” and “fleet-to-fleet transfers” and a secret program called “Solar Warden”, he was charged by the Bush Justice Department with having committed “the biggest military computer hack of all time”, and stood to face prison time of up to 70 years after extradition from UK. But trying earnest McKinnon in open court would involve his testifying to the above classified facts, and his attorney would be able to subpoena government officers to testify under oath about the Navy’s Space Fleet. To date the UK has refused to extradite McKinnon
McKinnon also found out about the ships or craft within Solar Warden. It is said that there are about eight cigar-shaped Motherships (each longer than two football fields end-to-end) and 43 small “scout ships. The Solar Warden Space Fleet operates under the US Naval Network and Space Operations Command (NNSOC) [formerly Naval Space Command]. There are approximately 300 personnel involved at that facility, with the figure rising.
Solar Warden is said to be made up from U.S. aerospace Black Projects contractors, but with some contributions of parts and systems by Canada, United Kingdom, Italy, Austria, Russia, and Australia. It is also said that the program is tested and operated from secret military bases such as Area 51 in Nevada, USA. Solar Warden”
We have a space fleet, which is code named; ‘Solar Warden.’ There were, as of 2005, eight ships, an equivalent to aircraft carriers and forty-three ‘protectors,’ which are space planes. One was lost recently to an accident in Mars’ orbit while it was attempting to re-supply the multinational colony within Mars. This base was established in 1964 by American and Soviet teamwork. Not everything is, as it seems.”
When Gary McKinnon hacked into U.S. Space Command computers several years ago and learned of the existence of “non-terrestrial officers” and “fleet-to-fleet transfers” and a secret program called “Solar Warden”, he was charged by the Bush Justice Department with having committed “the biggest military computer hack of all time”, and stood to face prison time of up to 70 years after extradition from UK. But trying earnest McKinnon in open court would involve his testifying to the above classified facts, and his attorney would be able to subpoena government officers to testify under oath about the Navy’s Space Fleet. To date the UK has refused to extradite McKinnon
McKinnon also found out about the ships or craft within Solar Warden. It is said that there are about eight cigar-shaped Motherships (each longer than two football fields end-to-end) and 43 small “scout ships. The Solar Warden Space Fleet operates under the US Naval Network and Space Operations Command (NNSOC) [formerly Naval Space Command]. There are approximately 300 personnel involved at that facility, with the figure rising.
Solar Warden is said to be made up from U.S. aerospace Black Projects contractors, but with some contributions of parts and systems by Canada, United Kingdom, Italy, Austria, Russia, and Australia. It is also said that the program is tested and operated from secret military bases such as Area 51 in Nevada, USA. Solar Warden”
We have a space fleet, which is code named; ‘Solar Warden.’ There were, as of 2005, eight ships, an equivalent to aircraft carriers and forty-three ‘protectors,’ which are space planes. One was lost recently to an accident in Mars’ orbit while it was attempting to re-supply the multinational colony within Mars. This base was established in 1964 by American and Soviet teamwork. Not everything is, as it seems.”
[ understand that the allies had gravity control by 1955. Crude craft were then constructed and flown including a number of craft identified as small UFOs - arclein ]
“We have visited all the planets in our solar system, at a distance of course, except Mercury. We have landed on Pluto and a few moons. These ships contain personnel from many countries and have sworn an oath to the World Government. The technology came from back engineering alien-disc wreckage and at times with alien assistance.”
[ Again we know this. The 1964 time line appears difficult but not impossible either. This also explains the arrival of the Star Trek Meme as a disclosure tool. - arclein ]
[ Again we know this. The 1964 time line appears difficult but not impossible either. This also explains the arrival of the Star Trek Meme as a disclosure tool. - arclein ]
So should we just write this off as utter nonsense?
No we shouldn’t and as time goes on the truth will slowly come out. Many people around the world are now witnessing craft moving around in the skies and sub space that completely defy gravity. Whether they are part of the Solar Warden secret program, military experimental aircraft or not, thousands of people know what they see.
In my view is very real and a very strong possibility. So no, I don’t think we should rule it out as complete nonsense. Yes, it’s a conspiracy because of all the hype and controversy surrounding the facts and information about the program.
Sensitive is an understatement. This program would change the world and our views on space exploration and travel, so no wonder that it would be kept a big ‘secret’. We should all keep it in the back of our minds… for now at least!
Thanks to Darren Perk’s investigation work here: www.ufoshropshire.co.uk
+
President Reagan’s Diary
On April 13, the National Archive Records Administration made available almost 250,000 pages of documents from President Reagan’s administration. It will take several months for researchers to read through the documents. The released material may yield insight into a curious comment found in President Reagan’s Diary.
The entry for Tuesday, June 11, 1985 (page 334) reads:
Lunch with 5 top space scientists.
“It was fascinating. Space truly is the last frontier and some of the developments there in astronomy etc. are like science fiction, except they are real. I learned that our shuttle capacity is such that we could orbit 300 people.”
The now grounded Space Shuttle held a maximum of eight people and only five were built for space flight. Even if all five took off fully loaded it would be impossible to place and maintain 300 astronauts in orbit. Apparently President Reagan revealed the existence of a highly classified space program that could accommodate hundreds of astronauts in orbit?
Apparently hidden within one of the ten unified combatant commands of the U.S. military, Strategic Command is a highly classified fleet of aircraft carrier sized antigravity vehicles that operate in outer space. As this space fleet grows President Trump has recommended it become a new military component.
The United States has organized its military forces into ten unified combatant commands respectively led by a single four star General or Admiral who reports directly to the Secretary of Defense. Only these commanders know of the existence of UFOs and appoint who has a need to know. Six of the unified commands span the globe in terms of different geographical areas. In addition, there are four functional commands where specialized military activities are run by a single “Combatant Commander.” From 1985 to 2002 Space Command was responsible for outer space operations by the U.S. military. In June 2002, Space Command merged with another of the functional commands –Strategic Command, Offutt Air Force Base, Neb. which is responsible for a range of space, satellite, missile, nuclear and intelligence activities.
Rumors that the U.S. has a highly classified fleet of antigravity vehicles have circulated for years. On March 23, 1993, at an engineering conference in Los Angeles,
Dr. Ben Rich former with his F-117 fighter, CEO of Lockheed’s Skunkworks, showed a slide with a black disk headed for space and said: “We now have the technology to take ET home“.
Corporate and military whistle blowers have come forward to claim firsthand knowledge of classified space vehicles using antigravity technology such as the Aurora and TR-3B. In his book, “The Hunt for Zero Point,” Jane’s Defense Weekly analyst Nick Cook writes about the Aurora: “there has been speculation since the late 1980s about the existence of a secret replacement for the Blackbird, a mythical plane called the Aurora that supposedly flew twice as fast and on the edges of space” (p. 14). Other whistle blowers such as Edgar Fouche, a former contractor with the Department of Defense, have come forward to claim that the Blackbird’s [or SR-71] replacement, the Aurora actually comprises two types of hypersonic aircraft used for space flight. He said: “The Aurora comprises the SR-75 capable of speeds above Mach 5, and acts as a mother ship for the SR-74 that can travel at speeds of Mach 18 or more into space to deliver satellites.”
More significant is the large triangular vehicle, the TR-3B that Fouche claims generates an intense magnetic field that reduces its weight by 89 percent. He says that the TR-3B uses the Biefeld-Brown effect (created by large electrostatic charges) to reduce its weight so that more conventional propulsion systems such as scramjets can give it amazing speeds. This would be well above Mach 18 that he claims is the speed of the SR-74. Fouche claims the TR-3B is 600 feet across which would make it similar in size to an aircraft carrier.
[ this confirms outright that the systems solely rely on gravity control and use well known technology for propulsion. All this is well within our means the minute you have gravity control and that came along in 1955. I have also confirmed it with lab work as well more recently which is why i went looking for earlier papers and found out about the work in 1955 that immediately went dark. arclein ]
Ted Twietmeyer writes that a Space Command photograph had the following citation: … highlights the team for its exceptional support in keeping the space shuttle, International Space Station and its crews safe from the dangers of orbital debris, spacecraft collisions and other inherent hazards of orbit operations.
Neither USAF Space Command nor Strategic Command is publicly known to have any kind of space vehicle that would assist the Space Shuttle or International Space Station from orbital dangers.
Normally, both NASA vehicles would require gradual orbital corrections that would take much time and be insufficient to deal with an immediate threat. According to Ted Twietmeyer, the citation is circumstantial evidence for the existence of antigravity vehicles with advanced particle beam weapons that could remove orbital debris from the path of NASA vehicles. These triangles must be armed with particle beam or quantum weaponry, chemical lasers or electrically excited reactor powered lasers and other weaponry. These weapons could also be used to destroy objects in the path of the space station or space shuttle. There were several eyewitness reports of hovering black triangles firing at targets in Iraq during the early days of the war.
President Reagan’s Diary
On April 13, the National Archive Records Administration made available almost 250,000 pages of documents from President Reagan’s administration. It will take several months for researchers to read through the documents. The released material may yield insight into a curious comment found in President Reagan’s Diary.
The entry for Tuesday, June 11, 1985 (page 334) reads:
Lunch with 5 top space scientists.
“It was fascinating. Space truly is the last frontier and some of the developments there in astronomy etc. are like science fiction, except they are real. I learned that our shuttle capacity is such that we could orbit 300 people.”
The now grounded Space Shuttle held a maximum of eight people and only five were built for space flight. Even if all five took off fully loaded it would be impossible to place and maintain 300 astronauts in orbit. Apparently President Reagan revealed the existence of a highly classified space program that could accommodate hundreds of astronauts in orbit?
Apparently hidden within one of the ten unified combatant commands of the U.S. military, Strategic Command is a highly classified fleet of aircraft carrier sized antigravity vehicles that operate in outer space. As this space fleet grows President Trump has recommended it become a new military component.
The United States has organized its military forces into ten unified combatant commands respectively led by a single four star General or Admiral who reports directly to the Secretary of Defense. Only these commanders know of the existence of UFOs and appoint who has a need to know. Six of the unified commands span the globe in terms of different geographical areas. In addition, there are four functional commands where specialized military activities are run by a single “Combatant Commander.” From 1985 to 2002 Space Command was responsible for outer space operations by the U.S. military. In June 2002, Space Command merged with another of the functional commands –Strategic Command, Offutt Air Force Base, Neb. which is responsible for a range of space, satellite, missile, nuclear and intelligence activities.
Rumors that the U.S. has a highly classified fleet of antigravity vehicles have circulated for years. On March 23, 1993, at an engineering conference in Los Angeles,
Dr. Ben Rich former with his F-117 fighter, CEO of Lockheed’s Skunkworks, showed a slide with a black disk headed for space and said: “We now have the technology to take ET home“.
Corporate and military whistle blowers have come forward to claim firsthand knowledge of classified space vehicles using antigravity technology such as the Aurora and TR-3B. In his book, “The Hunt for Zero Point,” Jane’s Defense Weekly analyst Nick Cook writes about the Aurora: “there has been speculation since the late 1980s about the existence of a secret replacement for the Blackbird, a mythical plane called the Aurora that supposedly flew twice as fast and on the edges of space” (p. 14). Other whistle blowers such as Edgar Fouche, a former contractor with the Department of Defense, have come forward to claim that the Blackbird’s [or SR-71] replacement, the Aurora actually comprises two types of hypersonic aircraft used for space flight. He said: “The Aurora comprises the SR-75 capable of speeds above Mach 5, and acts as a mother ship for the SR-74 that can travel at speeds of Mach 18 or more into space to deliver satellites.”
More significant is the large triangular vehicle, the TR-3B that Fouche claims generates an intense magnetic field that reduces its weight by 89 percent. He says that the TR-3B uses the Biefeld-Brown effect (created by large electrostatic charges) to reduce its weight so that more conventional propulsion systems such as scramjets can give it amazing speeds. This would be well above Mach 18 that he claims is the speed of the SR-74. Fouche claims the TR-3B is 600 feet across which would make it similar in size to an aircraft carrier.
[ this confirms outright that the systems solely rely on gravity control and use well known technology for propulsion. All this is well within our means the minute you have gravity control and that came along in 1955. I have also confirmed it with lab work as well more recently which is why i went looking for earlier papers and found out about the work in 1955 that immediately went dark. arclein ]
Ted Twietmeyer writes that a Space Command photograph had the following citation: … highlights the team for its exceptional support in keeping the space shuttle, International Space Station and its crews safe from the dangers of orbital debris, spacecraft collisions and other inherent hazards of orbit operations.
Neither USAF Space Command nor Strategic Command is publicly known to have any kind of space vehicle that would assist the Space Shuttle or International Space Station from orbital dangers.
Normally, both NASA vehicles would require gradual orbital corrections that would take much time and be insufficient to deal with an immediate threat. According to Ted Twietmeyer, the citation is circumstantial evidence for the existence of antigravity vehicles with advanced particle beam weapons that could remove orbital debris from the path of NASA vehicles. These triangles must be armed with particle beam or quantum weaponry, chemical lasers or electrically excited reactor powered lasers and other weaponry. These weapons could also be used to destroy objects in the path of the space station or space shuttle. There were several eyewitness reports of hovering black triangles firing at targets in Iraq during the early days of the war.
[ again we are confirming the source of those crop 'circles' in England and elsewhere whose complexity mirrored our computer hardware development. - arclein ]
There is a massive anti-gravity energy field surrounding these vehicles which interferes with all electronic devices, making it unlikely anyone could ever get images of them. War has historically been the best proving ground for all new weapons. In the UK, the press and media are forbidden under the UK Secrets Act from covering or reporting on sightings of black triangles. That act speaks volumes about whether or not black triangles exist. The TR-3 has been in service since the mid-1990, and NASA’s space program was nothing more than on-going entertainment to distract the public.
Michael E. Salla, PhD writes,
The idea that a secret space fleet exists that can intervene to assist the International Space Station is also supported by the testimony of a former NASA employee Clark McClelland.
On one occasion he claims to have witnessed delta winged antigravity vehicle nearby. The delta shaped vehicle may in fact have been part of a classified Space Fleet attached to U.S. Strategic Command.
Important clues may emerge from the recently released Reagan records about Strategic Command’s classified space fleet. More significantly, the public may soon learn about the advanced antigravity technologies that have been secretly developed and used for decades to fly military astronauts into deep space.
The most famous alien comment by Reagan was on September 21, 1987, before the Unite Nations General Assembly:
“In our obsession with antagonisms of the moment, we often forget how much unites all the members of humanity. Perhaps we need some outside, universal threat to make us recognize this common bond. I occasionally think how quickly our differences worldwide would vanish if we were facing an alien threat from outside of this world. And yet I ask – is not an alien force already among us? “
Reagan’s views about extraterrestrial life were not dismissed by the Kremlin. Gorbachev did eventually respond in a serious way to Reagan’s scenario of an extraterrestrial invasion. In February 1997, Gorbachev responded to Reagan’s comments at their 1985 Geneva Summit.
Gorbachev and Reagan
At our meeting in Geneva, the U.S. President said that if the earth faced an invasion by extraterrestrials, the United States and the Soviet Union would join forces to repel such an invasion. I shall not dispute the hypothesis, although I think it’s early yet to worry about such an intrusion.
Also in May 1990, after Reagan had left office, Gorbachev said: “The phenomenon of UFOs does exist and it must be treated seriously.”
The Solar Warden Spacecraft indicates the US and the Soviet Union did join forces against and outside alien threat.
Clark McClelland writes in his book, “Stargate Chronicles”
.lark C. McClelland, former NASA ScO, Space Shuttle Fleet, KSC, writes, “On July 16, 1969, the day of the launch of Apollo 11 for the first landing of men on the moon I met Senator Barry M. Goldwater of Arizona who had been the Republican Presidential candidate in 1964.” Goldwater asked about sightings during other space missions. I mentioned several during Gemini and Apollo and then I asked him if he had heard anything about a 1956 US Naval aircraft and the huge UFO disc over the Atlantic Ocean? He said he had not.
I said, “Senator, it apparently was also kept secret by the Pentagon. During my initial muster with the US Navy Office Naval Intelligence Unit 6-69 at Patrick AFB, in 1959, I was introduced to several admirals and captains who immediately swore me to secrecy, Bible and all. I was an investigator of UFOs for NICAP, and this was apparently well known since I had presented UFO talks at the Philadelphia Naval Base and was a friend of many NASA Astronauts.
Captain Rudy Bergholz had me run a confidential film that disclosed a huge disc shaped UFO (400 feet in diameter) spotted by a Navy flight crew in a four engine transport traveling west over the Atlantic Ocean towards Gander, Newfoundland for refueling in 1956.
Admiral Delmar S. Fahrney was mentioned in the film as having his own sighting. Goldwater injected a comment, “Yes, I have met Admiral Fahrney, Mac.” Captain Bergholz said, “I now had a ‘need to know’ about UFOs because I was to investigate and verify through the German ‘Paper Clip WW II scientists at Cape Canaveral, what they had learned at AMC (Air Material Command) Foreign Technology Division at Wright Field, Ohio”
I later informed Burgholz that I had discovered at least three Paper Clip Scientists that were assigned to Wright Field following their arrival with Dr. Wernher von Braun in 1946. One named Siegfried Knemeyer, a former Third Reich Luftwaffe Pilot and German Air Ministry Director, Dr. Hans Amtmann and Dr.Alexander Lippisch. I suggested to Goldwater all three are still at Wright-Patterson and Senator could try to contact them there.”
Dr. Wernher von Braun
The Senator quickly replied, “No, not after that experience with General LeMay, Mac!” I said “Senator, you are aware of the military rivalry? He replied, “Yes, I am, I work with the military budgets in the Senate.” I continued, “There is a great rivalry between the US military services and since the USAF Foreign Technology Division at Wright Field has captured alien technology the US Navy wanted it shared with ONI”. www.stargate-chronicles.com
Thanks to Frank Chili and Clark C. McClelland
Radar Confirmation
In 1952, the Director of AF Intelligence admitted more than 300 cases of radar tracking and visual sightings confirmed by radar. In the ensuing years, there have been at least 2,000 additional radar cases in the U.S. alone. Reports have come from expert operators in the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, the Federal Aviation Agency (formerly the CAA) and pilots or radar operators of almost all the major airlines. The same situation exists in foreign countries.
Not only has radar proved UFO reality, it has accurately recorded the high UFO speeds, intricate maneuvers, precise UFO formations- including changes from one formation to another-and other important data which make it possible to evaluate UFO operations and help in the search for propulsion secrets.
I personally have tracked a huge UFO on radar over England
High-Power Microwave Programs
Two high-power microwave programs, the shyer cousin of lasers in the directed-energy limelight, will become more visible as the Air Force tests them over the next few years.
“We are pretty much the acknowledged center of gravity for high-power microwave weapons S&T in the services,” Kelly Hammett, the Air Force Research Laboratory’s directed-energy branch director, said Wednesday. “We were able to get some funding from OSD on behalf of all the services to build some ground-based high-power microwave prototypes. Those are being delivered this year and they will go into our experimentation campaign.”
One, the Tactical High-Power Operational Responder (THOR), is intended to pursue multiple short-range targets and will be delivered next month, Hammett said at an annual directed-energy conference hosted by Booz Allen Hamilton and the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments.
Air Force Acquisition Executive Will Roper noted earlier this month at the Center for Strategic and International Studies that THOR, which tried to package an HPM in a small space, “just simply wasn’t able to hit targets that mattered for mission.”
Another microwave dubbed the “Counter-Electronic High-Power Microwave Extended-Range Air Base Air Defense” project, or CHIMERA, is a transportable, standalone system that can fire at multiple middle- to long-range targets and wields more power than THOR, according to Hammett. The 24-month program aims to deliver an integrated system in fiscal 2020, when it will head to field testing.
While the Air Force’s 2020 budget request doesn’t break out funding amounts for each program, it does note that the service plans to test HPM components in early ground and airborne microwave systems, “conduct effects testing on electronics based on the target classes for the joint high-power microwave program with the Navy,” and develop and test smaller, higher-power technology for a joint HPM demo with the maritime service.
Even as experimentation ramps up under the Air Force’s 2017 directed-energy weapons flight plan, the service wants less money for those efforts in 2020. The 2019 budget allocated $309 million toward DE research and development, but funding dropped to $282 million in the 2020 request released this month.
That breaks down to $262 million for science and technology initiatives and $20 million for prototyping and experiments, service spokeswoman Capt. Cara Bousie told Air Force Magazine March 19.
DE experiments are handled by AFRL’s Strategic Development Planning and Experimentation Office, which held its first event for base-defense systems last fall. The first phase of that project brought in Raytheon-built laser and microwave weapons to down small drones at the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico, and will expand to consider other technologies at the Army’s Maneuver Fires Integrated Experiment this year.
Big If Real: Navy Files Patent on Room-Temperature Superconductivity
A long-term technological holy grail is room-temperature superconductivity. Normal electrical conductors have resistance, and convert part of the electrical energy that flows through them to heat, which is lost. Superconductivity, a consequence of quantum mechanics, allows an electrical current to flow without any resistance at all, and would allow efficient transmission of electricity over long distances, more efficient motors, and magnetic levitation for devices such as high speed vehicles.
Superconductivity was discovered experimentally in 1911, but was not explained theoretically until 1957 by Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer, who shared the 1972 Nobel Prize in physics for their theory. The early superconductors required very low temperatures to operate: on the order of the temperature of liquid helium (around 4° K). It is very expensive to produce liquid helium and keep it liquid: while liquid nitrogen costs about as much as milk; liquid helium costs as much as Scotch whisky.
In 1986 two researchers at IBM Zürich, Georg Bednorz and K. Alex Müller, discovered that some ceramic materials became superconductive at around the temperature of liquid nitrogen (77° K). They immediately won the Nobel Prize for this discovery the next year, but to this day there is no satisfactory theory for how this high-temperature superconductivityworks—it is a major unsolved problem in theoretical physics.
Milk is a lot cheaper than Scotch (you can buy as much liquid nitrogen as you wish at your local welding supply shop—just bring a thermos), and there are substantial technological applications of this phenomenon even though we haven’t a clue how or why it works.
But still, liquid nitrogen is messy to deal with. The ideal would be a superconductor that worked at room temperature without the need for refrigeration. That’s something you could potentially use to replace copper and aluminum wire in power lines and all kinds of electrical equipment, permitting transmission of power without loss and waste heat. So far, this has eluded everybody who has attempted to discover it.
On 2019-02-21 a U.S Patent Application, US 2019/0058105 A1 “Piezoelectricity-Induced Room Temperature Superconductor” [PDF], was filed on behalf of the US. Navy which claims that by abruptly vibrating a conductor by means of pulsed power it is possible to achieve room-temperature superconductivity? The patent application modestly notes,
The achievement of room temperature superconductivity (RTSC) represents a highly disruptive technology, capable of a total paradigm change in Science and Technology, rather than just a paradigm shift. Hence, its military and commercial value is considerable.
There is a great deal of speculation in the patent application as to the mechanism which might cause the electron pairing that produces the superconductivity, but there is no specific claim of a mechanism. No experimental data are presented to substantiate the claim of superconductivity.
Ratburger member and physicist Jack Sarfatti’s quick take, in an E-mail to his list of correspondents, is:
This seems consistent with my Frohlich pump proposal.
https://www.cosmosandhistory.org/index.php/journal/article/view/690
“An electromagnetic coil is circumferentially positioned around the coating such that when the coil is activated with a pulsed current; a non-linear vibration is induced, enabling room temperature superconductivity.”
The pulsed current coil is the resonant Frohlich pump.
The effective non-equilibrium temperature of the pulsed device is
T’ = T/(1 + k(pulsed current power)]
T is the ambient thermodynamic equilibrium temperature when the pulse is switched off.
Applying the pulse lowers the effective temperature to the critical temperature Tc for the onset of superconductivity (macro-quantum coherence).
Read more at:
https://phys.org/news/2019-02-navy-patent-room-temperature-superconductor.html#jCp
In 1985 it was found that Maxwell’s equations generally do not have solutions that satisfy the causality law. This book shows that the correction of Maxwell’s equations eliminates the infinite zero-point energy in quantum electrodynamics. In addition, it presents many more new results.
Attachment of Dr. Jack Sarfatti’s Equations on Consciousness wherein he proposes the next form of Propulsion which is Faster Than Light – this theorem incorporates Metallurgy, Consciousness and Awareness to achieve Thought Propulsion. Dr. Sarfatti believes that Thought Propulsion is what the Star Visitors are utilizing to visit us. He states that we can back engineer this process. You can follow the work of Dr. Sarfatti on his incredible website: http://stardrive.org/stardrive/
The Scandal in Quantum Theory’s Foundations Subject: Quantum physicists have been brainwashed since the 1927 Solvay Conference by Niels Bohr 1. … stardrive.org
This form of propulsion was also validated to me by Bill Tompkins in that the next three Groups of Solar Warden Craft being built will be utilizing Thought Propulsion.
In 1985 it was found that Maxwell’s equations generally do not have solutions that satisfy the causality law. This book shows that the correction of Maxwell’s equations eliminates the infinite zero-point energy in quantum electrodynamics. In addition, it presents many more new results.
Attachment of Dr. Jack Sarfatti’s Equations on Consciousness wherein he proposes the next form of Propulsion which is Faster Than Light – this theorem incorporates Metallurgy, Consciousness and Awareness to achieve Thought Propulsion. Dr. Sarfatti believes that Thought Propulsion is what the Star Visitors are utilizing to visit us. He states that we can back engineer this process. You can follow the work of Dr. Sarfatti on his incredible website: http://stardrive.org/stardrive/
The Scandal in Quantum Theory’s Foundations Subject: Quantum physicists have been brainwashed since the 1927 Solvay Conference by Niels Bohr 1. … stardrive.org
This form of propulsion was also validated to me by Bill Tompkins in that the next three Groups of Solar Warden Craft being built will be utilizing Thought Propulsion.
Mathematical Notes Jack Sarfatti Physics Tic Tac
Work in progress explaining the flight of the Tic Tac UFO close encounter with the US Navy Nimitz Battle Group of the coast of San Diego for two weeks in November of 2004. The apparent accelerations of ~6,000g and shape shifting are smoking fun evidence of extremely low power warp drive with time-travel-to past capability in a meta-material-fuselage controlled by a conscious Al post-quantum “computer.” The technology renders all our weapons impotent and obsolete if they decide to attack. US Space Force must have this technology.
V6 is updated to include approximate Green’s function integral equation for the low-power warp field induced by the electrometric fields in the double hull. More math typos connected. Discussion of time frequency analysis generalized to 4D for spatially inhomogeneous dynamic warp field generated in the fuselage leading to Moscow physicist Mikhail Altaisky’s use of scale-dependent wavelet transforms in the quantum field theory. Turbulence, neural net machine learning Al et-al.
Strange Craft
The True Story of an Air Force Intelligence Officer’s Life with UFOs
U.S. Air Force Major George Filer belongs to the generation of pilots and airmen who first became aware of the strange aircraft showing up in the Earth’s atmosphere after World War II. These men – military professionals who flew planes, commanded ships, served as radar operators and air traffic controllers at air fields around the world – began to whisper amongst themselves about encounters with suspected extraterrestrial aircraft.
During secret debriefings at U.S. bases, pilots and air crew told their commanders of seeing strange lights at night and in the daylight, groups of saucer- or cigar-shaped craft that easily paced them just a few yards off their plane’s wingtip. Award-winning investigative reporter John Guerra spent four years interviewing Filer, a decorated intelligence officer.
From objects in the skies over Cold War Europe to a UFO over flight during the Cuban Missile Crisis to strange lights over the DMZ during the Tet Offensive, Filer leaves nothing out about his Air Force UFO encounters, providing Guerra all the amazing details of his six decades investigating extraterrestrials and their craft.
Filer’s most memorable case – the shooting of an alien at Fort Dix Army Base in 1978 – is fully recounted for the first time in this book. Filer – who readers have seen on countless UFO documentaries – is also a member of the Disclosure Project, the famous panel of military experts, astronauts, and scientists that urges the U.S. government to release all it knows about UFOs to the public. Then, in the fall of 2017, the Pentagon released the F-18 gun camera footage of what can only be described as an extraterrestrial vehicle outperforming U.S. Navy fighters off San Diego. For the first time, after decades of denying what its intelligence officers, pilots, base commanders and air traffic control personnel know to be true, the military finally admitted to what Filer describes in this incredible book.
Radical plan to artificially cool Earth’s climate could be safe, study finds
The only method put out there is spraying 'dust' into the atmosphere which is what chem trails are all about. I find this unconvincing simply because incoming radiation is converted sooner or later to infrared radiation in the atmosphere and can differ little from hitting the ground.
It is a terrible idea anyway based on a false analysis pushed by political interests as fact.
The big problem is that our human created deserts do release a lot of infrared energy back into space during the night. This already has caused our global environment to cool by around two degrees since the Bronze Age. We can reverse that and produce a vastly better global energy profile..
Radical plan to artificially cool Earth’s climate could be safe, study finds
By Emily Holden on Mar 14, 2019
Get your daily dose of good news from Grist Subscribe to The Beacon This story was originally published by the Guardian and is reproduced here as part of the Climate Desk collaboration.
https://grist.org/article/radical-plan-to-artificially-cool-earths-climate-could-be-safe-study-finds/?
A new study contradicts fears that using solar geoengineering to fight climate change could dangerously alter rainfall and storm patterns in some parts of the world.
Published in the peer-reviewed journal Nature Climate Change, the analysis finds that cooling the Earth enough to eliminate roughly half of warming, rather than all of it, generally would not make tropical cyclones more intense or worsen water availability, extreme temperatures, or extreme rain. Only a small fraction of places, 0.4 percent, might see climate change impacts worsened, the study says.
Many climate experts have warned that cooling the Earth but keeping twice as much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere as before industrialization could put some regions at risk.
One scientist who read the paper published on Monday said it was not comprehensive enough to conclude that solar geoengineering — most likely involving spraying sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere, thereby mimicking gas from volcanoes and reflecting the sun’s heat — would be safe.
Some climate advocacy groups argue that banking on an unproven technology could hamstring efforts to reduce carbon dioxide still spewing from power plants and cars.
But study coauthor David Keith, a Harvard professor who works in engineering and public policy, said researchers should not rule out geoengineering yet.
“I am not saying we know it works and we should do it now,” he said. “Indeed, I would absolutely oppose deployment now. There’s still only a little group of people looking at this, there’s lots of uncertainty.”
Keith said the study’s main message was that “there is the possibility that solar geoengineering could really substantially reduce climate risks for the most vulnerable.”
The findings come as Nairobi hosts a United Nations Environment Program meeting on limiting climate change. A U.N. report last year said geoengineering by injecting sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere may be necessary but would come with major uncertainties.
Keith hopes to dispel what he believes may be unsupported worries. Another scientist, however, said he was overstating the study’s findings.
The analysis used climate modeling to project what could happen if the heat of the sun was turned down. Alan Robock, a geophysics professor and researcher at Rutgers University in New Jersey, said it did not examine the potential effects of doing that with the most likely method: spraying aerosols into the atmosphere.
“They focus in this paper on temperature and water availability in different regions,” Robock said. “Those are only two things that would change with stratospheric aerosols.” He added that previous studies have made similar conclusions.
Robock said one of his studies contains a list of 27 reasons why Earth-cooling aerosols might be a bad idea. And he added that the technology could cost hundreds of billions of dollars a year and would pose complicated ethical questions, such as whether people have a right to see a blue sky.
“We’re not able right now to say whether, if global warming continues, we should ever decide to start spraying this stuff into the stratosphere,” Robock said. “Would solar-radiation management, would geoengineering make it more dangerous or less dangerous?
“That’s the question we have to answer, and we don’t have enough information.”